Topic 1D-1800s America: Expansion, Sectionalism, and Conflict Objectives: By the end of this lesson you should be able to: List the key powers provided to the federal and state governments. Explain why the state and federal government argued over the issue of tariffs. Explain how the fight between the state and federal government was further strengthened over the issue of slavery. Evaluate the effectiveness of government compromise from 1800-1860.

Major challenge of the Constitution New Constitution ties all 13 states together under the federal gov. which governs all states “one gov. to rule them all” Certain powers/rights reserved for the state governments They control their individual states. Issue: Who has more power? Creates many problems throughout the 1800s Power of the Federal Government Powers of the State Governments What are key powers reserved for the federal government? The state government? 2. Look at a map of the United States. Why would this be a problem for the United States going into the future? 3. What are some issues today in the 21st century in which there is contention between state/federal government?

Nullification Crisis State vs. Federal Government Large tariffs (taxes on imported goods) were passed in 1828 Used to protect Northern industries by making European goods more expensive. Southern planters couldn’t afford American goods. State of South Carolina threatens to leave the United States if they don’t repeal the Tariff. South Carolina nullifies the Tariff President Andrew Jackson threatens S.C. with the military if they don’t back down. Congress compromises with a lower, new Tariff. Define the doctrine of nullification. Does this seem like a reasonable right the state has? Why or why not? How does the Nullification Crisis foreshadow existing issues for the United States?

US Expansion and Compromise State vs. State governments Slavery vs. Free-Soil Louisiana Purchase sees annexation of entire Louisiana territory As America expands west, what do we do with slavery? North: “we don’t want it – we like our factory workers who earn low wages, slavery could put us out of business” South: “this is our way of life, of course we want to keep slaves.” To prevent a fight, Congress passes the Missouri Compromise Missouri (slave) & Maine (free) 36’30’ line Why was the question of slavery in new states of such critical importance? What is the potential problem of this compromise? How could this relate to other problems with future land annexation?

Continued Land Expansion Mexican-American War in 1848- signing of Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo New Mexico, California, Texas, Utah, Nevada, & Colorado Increases size of US by a third Debate on slavery in new states/territories Compromise of 1850 California Fugitive Slave Act Popular Sovereignty Look at the map of land annexed by United States in Mexican-American War? Why could the compromise of 1820 not be instituted with this new land? Define concept of popular sovereignty. What is potentially an issue with this concept? How is the issue of slavery getting more and more complicated with these compromises?

Kansas/Nebraska Kansas-Nebraska Act Nebraska-not slavery conditions Opens up both Kansas and Nebraska to slavery by popular sovereignty Nebraska-not slavery conditions Pro-slavery and anti-slavery flocked to Kansas trying to tip vote in their favor Bleeding Kansas Led to huge fighting in Kansas- looting of homes, murders, etc. Kansas not admitted as a state (free) until 1861-start of Civil War What does Bleeding Kansas tell us about the success of Popular Sovereignty? This picture is from 1856 before the Civil War started. What does this show about the state of affairs in the United States in the 1850s and the authority of the government?

Continued Problems of 1850s Dred Scott Case Dred Scott (slave) had moved to a free state and sued for his freedom Supreme Court said owners could take their slaves wherever Slaves = property therefore slavery is legal everywhere. John Brown Abolitionist who attempted to steal weapons from federal arsenal and arm slaves for insurrection Killed many in Bleeding Kansas and at the arsenal Failed and was put to death and marked as a hero in North (even though he was violent!) Election of 1860 Abraham Lincoln elected as President in 1860 Southern states began to immediately secede seeing him as an abolitionist (he was not) Southern states form the Confederate States of America Lincoln aimed to preserve the Union and enters the Civil War The system of compromise the US used throughout history eventually failed as no compromise could be reached on the issue of slavery. Constitutional Convention: successful Bill of Rights: successful Issues on Federalism: failure Issues on Slavery: super failure Although there were several attempts at compromise, why did all these ultimately fail? Is there anyway Civil War could have been avoided? Explain.