Hazards

1. Ash Can reach very high altitudes and block sunlight, causing world temperatures to drop. Can destroy crops and buildings, clog rivers, damage machines. Smallest particles can travel completely around the earth in the upper atmosphere.

First-Ever Ashfall Advisory: The National Weather Service issued the first ashfall advisory for Hawaii on May 17, after ash plumes were released from Kilauea Volcano and rose to elevations of 30,000 feet.

2. Lava flows Molten rock may flow over large areas, destroying everything in its path.

Lava Flow Aerial view of channelized lava flowing from a fissure eruption in the East Rift Zone of Kilauea on May 19, 2018. Photo by the United States Geological Survey Channelized Lava Flow: Aerial view of channelized lava flowing from a fissure eruption in the East Rift Zone of Kilauea on May 19, 2018. Photo by the United States Geological Survey

3. Lahar Flow of mud, water, ash and debris that can result when snow- covered volcanoes erupt.

4. Poisonous Gas: Sulfur Dioxide Plumes Sulfur Dioxide Plumes: This photo is a view from a plane flying parallel to the trend of fissure eruptions in the East Rift Zone. The white plumes rising through calm air are escaping from fissure eruptions. They are rich in sulfur dioxide gas. 

5. Ground deformation Road Displacement: Ground deformation in the East Rift Zone has produced fissures venting steam and fissures fountaining lava. In this photo road displacement is made especially obvious where it cuts the yellow line on the pavement

6. Avalanche The August 2010 Mt. Meager rock avalanche, showing where the slide originated (arrow, 4 km upstream), its path down a steep narrow valley, and the debris field

Mt. St. Helens In the weeks before the eruption, a large bulge had formed on North side of Mt. St. Helens. a moderate earthquake struck nearby, destabilizing the bulge, leading to Earth’s largest observed landslide in historical times..

The town of Squamish is situated approximately 10 km from Mt. Garibaldi. In the event of a major eruption of Mt. Garibaldi, which of the hazards has the potential to be an issue for the residents of Squamish?

7. Earthquakes Volcanoes can trigger earthquakes

Earthquake Epicenter Map: This map shows the location of earthquakes that occured between January 1 and May 5, 2018, the date of the magnitude 6.9 event. It shows activity concentrated around the summit crater and across the East Rift Zone.

Predicting Volcanoes

Predicting Eruptions Mount St. Helens exploded in 1980, surrounding area (forests and lakes) were completely devastated. Krakatau destroyed more than half the island and produce huge tsunamis that killed more than 30,000 people Entire city of Pompeii

Predicating Volcanic Eruptions History Scientists use seismographs to measure small earthquakes Gas released Increase in Temperature Bulging of surface of volcano A volcano’s history, how long since its last eruption and the time span between its previous eruptions, is a good first step to predicting eruptions. If the volcano is considered active, it is currently erupting or shows signs of erupting soon. A dormant volcano means there is no current activity, but it has erupted recently. Finally, an extinct volcano means their is no activity and will probably not erupt again. Active and dormant volcanoes are heavily monitored, especially in populated areas.

History Scientists use seismographs to measure small earthquakes number and size of earthquakes increases before an eruption. A volcano’s history, how long since its last eruption and the time span between its previous eruptions, is a good first step to predicting eruptions. If the volcano is considered active, it is currently erupting or shows signs of erupting soon. A dormant volcano means there is no current activity, but it has erupted recently. Finally, an extinct volcano means their is no activity and will probably not erupt again. Active and dormant volcanoes are heavily monitored, especially in populated areas.

Seismic Activity Most active volcanoes produce small earthquakes as the magma within them moves upward. This happens because the magma pushes on the rocks as it rises. In many cases, the number and strength of these earthquakes increases before a volcanic eruption. Therefore, monitoring earthquakes is one of the best ways to predict an eruption. A volcano’s history, how long since its last eruption and the time span between its previous eruptions, is a good first step to predicting eruptions. If the volcano is considered active, it is currently erupting or shows signs of erupting soon. A dormant volcano means there is no current activity, but it has erupted recently. Finally, an extinct volcano means their is no activity and will probably not erupt again. Active and dormant volcanoes are heavily monitored, especially in populated areas.

Increase in Temperature One of the newest methods for predicting volcanic eruptions involves using satellite images. Satellites can record the surface temperatures at and around volcanoes. As magma rises, the surface temperature of the volcano may increase. Therefore, an increase in surface temperature can indicate that an eruption is likely. A volcano’s history, how long since its last eruption and the time span between its previous eruptions, is a good first step to predicting eruptions. If the volcano is considered active, it is currently erupting or shows signs of erupting soon. A dormant volcano means there is no current activity, but it has erupted recently. Finally, an extinct volcano means their is no activity and will probably not erupt again. Active and dormant volcanoes are heavily monitored, especially in populated areas.

Gases Released Scientists also study the volume and composition of gases given off by the volcano. Just before an eruption, many volcanoes give off more gas. The composition of the gas may also change before an eruption. By monitoring the gases, scientists can predict when an eruption may happen. A volcano’s history, how long since its last eruption and the time span between its previous eruptions, is a good first step to predicting eruptions. If the volcano is considered active, it is currently erupting or shows signs of erupting soon. A dormant volcano means there is no current activity, but it has erupted recently. Finally, an extinct volcano means their is no activity and will probably not erupt again. Active and dormant volcanoes are heavily monitored, especially in populated areas.

Bulging of surface of volcano As magma rises before an eruption, it can cause the Earth’s surface to swell. The side of a volcano may even bulge. Scientists can use an instrument called a tiltmeter to measure the slope of the volcano’s sides. Changes in the slope can indicate that an eruption is likely A volcano’s history, how long since its last eruption and the time span between its previous eruptions, is a good first step to predicting eruptions. If the volcano is considered active, it is currently erupting or shows signs of erupting soon. A dormant volcano means there is no current activity, but it has erupted recently. Finally, an extinct volcano means their is no activity and will probably not erupt again. Active and dormant volcanoes are heavily monitored, especially in populated areas.

Assignment: Showcase a Volcano Name of volcano, location Type of volcano Type of eruption Type of eruptive material Consequence of eruption Images Links to sources used.

Assignment: Volcano Comic Strip Comic strip illustrating the warning signs of a volcano about to erupt The type of eruptive materials that come out The Hazards the nearby community is in danger of.