Failure properties of intraluminal thrombus in abdominal aortic aneurysm under static and pulsating mechanical loads T. Christian Gasser, PhD, Göray.

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Presentation transcript:

Failure properties of intraluminal thrombus in abdominal aortic aneurysm under static and pulsating mechanical loads T. Christian Gasser, PhD, Göray Görgülü, MSc, Maggie Folkesson, MSc, Jesper Swedenborg, MD, PhD Journal of Vascular Surgery Volume 48, Issue 1, Pages 179-188 (July 2008) DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2008.01.036 Copyright © 2008 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Preparation of uniaxial test specimens. a, Cross-section of the bulk intraluminal thrombus tissue harvested from elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, where luminal, medial, and abluminal layers are indicated. Sample uniaxial test specimens prepared from (b) luminal, (c) medial, and (d) abluminal layers, respectively. e, Dimensions of the pattern blade. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2008 48, 179-188DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2008.01.036) Copyright © 2008 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Part of the testing equipment illustrating (a) the load-cell, (b) the tissue testing chamber filled with Dulbecco's modified eagle's medium, and (c) the test specimen fixed between two PVC grips. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2008 48, 179-188DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2008.01.036) Copyright © 2008 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Experimental set-up used to test intraluminal thrombus (ILT) tissue under static and pulsating mechanical loads. Displacements are applied by the actuation piston and the load is measured by the 10N-Load cell. The ILT specimen is kept in Dulbecco's modified eagle's medium, whose temperature is controlled and pH is displayed. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2008 48, 179-188DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2008.01.036) Copyright © 2008 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Illustration of the loading protocol for the fatigue testing. Displacement controlled initial loading at 0.2 mm/s up to the mean load level Pm followed by displacement controlled cyclic (sinusoidal) loading at 1.0 Hz and 0.2Pm initial amplitude. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2008 48, 179-188DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2008.01.036) Copyright © 2008 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Analytical representation of the control test data. Gray dots show experimental data from three repetitive tension cycles of a intraluminal thrombus specimen, which has been kept in Dulbecco's modified eagle's medium at 37°C (±0.5) and pH of 7.0 (±0.6) for 12 hours. A third order polynomial f12 is used to represent the mean loading-unloading behavior, and hence, to quantify the specimen's stiffness at that time. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2008 48, 179-188DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2008.01.036) Copyright © 2008 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 Evolution of the relative elastic specimen stiffness δi over time in Dulbecco's modified eagle's medium at 37°C (±0.5) and pH of 7.0 (±0.6). Error bars denote standard deviation associated with patient heterogeneity. The intraluminal thrombus specimens weaken over time, however, their elastic stiffness changes less than 3.5% within 48 hours. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2008 48, 179-188DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2008.01.036) Copyright © 2008 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 7 Plane stress FE model of a particular intraluminal thrombus specimen to extract the material parameters from recorded experimental data. a, Applied finite element discretization of a quarter of the specimen. b, Gray and black outlines illustrate the referential and the deformed configurations of the modeled test specimen, respectively. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2008 48, 179-188DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2008.01.036) Copyright © 2008 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 8 Variation of intraluminal thrombus (ILT) stiffness across the radial direction represented by data from luminal, medial and abluminal specimens. Error bars denote standard deviation associated with patient heterogeneity. ILT stiffness decreases about linearly by 44% from the luminal to the abluminal tissue. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2008 48, 179-188DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2008.01.036) Copyright © 2008 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 9 Variation of intraluminal thrombus (ILT) ultimate strength in terms of Cauchy (or true) stresses across the radial direction represented by data from luminal, medial and abluminal specimens. Error bars denote standard deviation associated with patient heterogeneity. ILT ultimate strength decreases about linearly by 70% from the luminal to the abluminal tissue. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2008 48, 179-188DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2008.01.036) Copyright © 2008 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 10 Example data recorded during the fatigue tests of a particular luminal sheet of intraluminal thrombus (ILT). Load cycle behaviors of three specimens are plotted with respect to the logarithmic number of load cycles. The specimens were initially loaded at 0.9, 0.7, and 0.5 times the ultimate strength (Pult) of the ILT sheet they had been prepared from. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2008 48, 179-188DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2008.01.036) Copyright © 2008 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 11 Wöhler-curve representing the vulnerability of intraluminal thrombus (ILT) tissue against fatigue failure, ie, decreasing strength with respect to the number of load cycles. Fatigue tests, where the ILT specimen failed during the experiment, are represented by (circular and rectangular) data points and the dashed line is defined by regression analysis. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2008 48, 179-188DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2008.01.036) Copyright © 2008 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions