Bell Ringer Quizlet 1.How did Native Americans try to assimilate to white culture? 2. Why did Native Americans move west? 3. What happened when Native Americans moved west? 4. Why did African Americans move West after Reconstruction?

Westward Ho !

Physical features and climate of the Great Plains • Flatlands that rise gradually from east to west • Land eroded by wind and water • Low rainfall • Frequent dust storms

During the nineteenth century, people’s perceptions and use of the Great Plains changed. Technological advances allowed people to live in more challenging environments.

Because of new technologies, people saw the Great Plains not as a “treeless wasteland” but as a vast area to be settled. Inventions and adaptations: • Barbed wire • Steel plows • Dry farming • Sod houses • Beef cattle raising • Wheat farming • Windmills • Railroads

Reasons for Westward Expansion • Opportunities for land ownership. • Technological advances, including the Transcontinental Railroad. • Possibility of obtaining wealth, created by the discovery of gold and silver. • Desire for adventure. • Desire for a new beginning for former enslaved African Americans.

Impact on American Indians • Opposition by American Indians to westward expansion (Battle of Little Bighorn, Sitting Bull, Geronimo). • Forced relocation from traditional lands to reservations (Chief Joseph, Nez Percé). • Reduced population through warfare and disease (Battle of Wounded Knee). • Assimilation attempts and lifestyle changes (e.g., reduction of buffalo population). • Reduced their homelands through treaties that were broken.

1837 John Deere, an Illinois blacksmith and manufacturer designed the first cast steel plow that greatly assisted the Great Plains farmers in cutting the tough prairie ground & sticky soil without clogging (Nicknamed "grasshopper plows“).

1846-1848 The United States gained much of the Southwest due to the Mexican-American War (1846–1848). Note: Texas gained independence in 1836 (became a U.S. state in 1845).

Cattle Raising: The open range was perfect for raising cattle for beef Cattle Raising: The open range was perfect for raising cattle for beef. The practice of the “cowboy” driving cattle to market became an iconic symbol of the West.

1854 Windmills have been around since around 500-900 BC for grinding grain. A windmill for pumping water was perfected in the United States in 1854 (the Halladay Windmill). A steel-bladed water pumping windmill in the American Midwest (late 1800's)

1863 Dry Farming: A type of farming practiced in arid areas without irrigation by planting drought-resistant crops (that mature in late spring or fall like “winter” wheat) and maintaining a fine surface tilth or mulch that protects the natural moisture of the soil from evaporation.

Homestead Act: Using astronomical starting points, territory was divided into a 6-mile square called a township prior to settlement. The township was divided into 36 sections, each measuring 1 square mile or 640 acres each.

On January 1, 1863, Daniel Freeman, a Union Army scout, was scheduled to leave Gage County, Nebraska Territory, to report for duty in St. Louis. At a party, Freeman met some local Land Office officials and convinced a clerk to open the office shortly after midnight in order to file a land claim. In doing so, Freeman became one of the first to take advantage of the opportunities provided by the Homestead Act, a law signed by President Abraham Lincoln on May 20, 1862. At the time of the signing, 11 states had left the Union, and this piece of legislation would continue to have regional and political overtones. Known as the “First Homesteader”

Daniel Freeman's Homestead Application

Daniel Freeman's Proof of Improvements

Daniel Freeman's Certificate of Eligibility

This is a photograph of the Nasset homestead in the Dakotas, ca. 1860s.

1876

The Speese family homestead Cherry County, Nebraska (1915)

A family poses with the wagon in which they live and travel daily during their pursuit of a homestead, 1886.

1893 To claim a lot of land, prospective settlers had to participate in a land run. They lined up and waited for the blast of a shotgun to signal the beginning of the run, at which point they would race eagerly to claim a homestead.

Cool Fact: A "Sooner" was someone who snuck past the territory markers ahead of the shotgun to get an early start.

Here is Tom Cruise reenacting the “great land rush” in the movie “Far and Away”

Nat Love was born in Davidson County, Tennessee in 1854 Nat Love was born in Davidson County, Tennessee in 1854. After the Civil War, Love moved to Dodge City, Kansas at age 15. The first job that appealed to Nat Love was herding cattle as a cowboy. Love's first test was given to him by Bronco Jim who had Love to ride Good Eye, a horse known for bucking and throwing a man off the saddle. Love stayed on Good Eye and was hired, at $30 a month, as a cowboy. Love worked the cattle drives for 20 years. When Nat Love retired as a cowboy in 1890, he worked as Pullman porter on the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad. Nat Love died in 1921.

African American men worked as cattle drivers, cooks, miners, railroad workers, and fur traders. Others became farmers. Some went west as U.S. soldiers as revealed by the Buffalo Soldiers. When work was scarce, African American men worked as unskilled laborers, and service workers. Others became western deputy marshals/law men and cowboys. African American women of the West were also a part of this inclusive history. Research has shown that they worked all sorts of jobs as women of the West. They were employed as domestics, farm workers, seamstresses, innkeepers, cooks, laundresses, school teachers, general store operators, church and Sunday school teachers, and nurses.

Many Native Americans welcomed African Americans into their villages Many Native Americans welcomed African Americans into their villages. Even as slaves many African Americans became part of a family group, and many intermarried with Native Americans - thus many later became classified as Black Indians. Therefore Black Oklahoma evolved in many areas as biracial communities within Indian nations. This is a unique history, which developed in many of the western communities where the two groups came together.

Bill Pickett was born near Taylor, Texas in 1870 Bill Pickett was born near Taylor, Texas in 1870. He was later called the "Greatest Cowboy" of his day. In 1905 he joined the 101 Wild West Shows as they traveled across the country and in Canada, South America, and even Great Britain. In 1932, while still active in the Wild West Shows, Bill Pickett was killed when he was kicked in the head by a wild bronco.

Bell Ringer In the handout, read the song “Uncle Sam’s Farm” and the poem “Dakota Land.” Then draw a vinn diagram to compare and contrast the similarities & differences in each primary source.

Uncle Sam's Farm Chorus: Then come along, come along, make no delay; Come from every nation, come from every way. Our lands, they are broad enough - don't be alarmed, For Uncle Sam is rich enough to give us all a farm. The brave in every nation are joining heart and hand And flocking to America, the real promised land; And Uncle Sam stands ready with a child upon each arm To give them all a welcome to a lot upon his farm. A welcome, warm and hearty, do we give the sons of toil To come to the West and settle and labor on free soil; We've room enough and land enough, they needn't feel alarm - O! come to the land of freedom and vote yourself a farm. Yes! we're bound to lead the nations for our motto's "Go ahead," And we'll tell the foreign paupers that our people are well fed; For the nations must remember that Uncle Sam is not a fool, For the people do the voting and the children go to school. Chorus: Then come along, come along, make no delay; Come from every nation, come from every way. Our lands, they are broad enough - don't be alarmed, For Uncle Sam is rich enough to give us all a farm.[ Of all the mighty nations in the East or in the West, O this glorious Yankee nation is the greatest and the best. We have room for all creation and our banner is unfurled, Here's a general invitation to the people of the world. Chorus: Then come along, come along, make no delay; Come from every nation, come from every way. Our lands, they are broad enough - don't be alarmed, For Uncle Sam is rich enough to give us all a farm. St. Lawrence marks our Northern line as fast her waters flow; And the Rio Grande our Southern bound, way down to Mexico. From the great Atlantic Ocean where the sun begins to dawn, Leap across the Rocky Mountains far away to Oregon. While the South shall raise the cotton, and the West, the corn and pork, New England manufactories shall do up the finer work; For the deep and flowing waterfalls that course along our hills Are just the thing for washing sheep and driving cotton mills. Our fathers gave us liberty, but little did they dream The grand results that pour along this mighty age of steam; For our mountains, lakes and rivers are all a blaze of fire, And we send our news by lightning on the telegraphic wires.

Comparing & Contrasting Similarities & Differences “Dakota Land” “Uncle Sam’s Farm”

Comparing & Contrasting Similarities & Differences “Dakota Land” “Uncle Sam’s Farm”

Comparing & Contrasting Similarities & Differences “Dakota Land” “Uncle Sam’s Farm”

Assignment Make a large timeline with all the important events included in westward expansion. 1. Use 5 or more colors. 2. Mark the date on the timeline (16 in all). 3. Draw a picture by “at least” 10 events to represent the events. (More for Bonus Points.) 4. Choose what your groups believes is the 5 most important events and describe how it effected westward expansion. (More for Bonus Points.) Bell Ringer Bell Ringer

Bell Ringer Create 2 columns… In column 1: Using the power point notes that you created the timeline with; what do you believe is the 5 most important events that affected westward expansion? In column 2: How did these event effect westward expansion?

November 11, 2010 Bell Ringer: Gather ALL your Westward Expansion materials and bring them up to my desk to be stapled into one big packet. (I will check homework as you come up.) Objectives: I.W.B.A.T. –explain how the difficulties of Westward Expansion were conquered by working on the LCPS Benchmark Essay Prompt today. Assignments and important upcoming dates: -11/11 No Homework Tonight -11/15 “Large & Fled” work sheet. -11/17 Homework: 15 MCQ’s / Quiz TODAY on VOCAB. -11/19 TEST on “Westward Expansion” Block 1 only

November 11, 2010 Bell Ringer: Gather ALL your Westward Expansion materials and bring them up to my desk to be stapled into one big packet. (I will check homework as you come up.) Get ready to go to the library to type your benchmark essay. Objectives: I.W.B.A.T. –explain how the difficulties of Westward Expansion were conquered by finishing the LCPS Benchmark Essay Prompt today. Assignments and important upcoming dates: -11/11 Homework tonight: “Large & Fled” work sheet. -11/15 Homework: 15 MCQ’s /Quiz TODAY on VOCAB. -11/17 TEST on “Westward Expansion” A Day

November 10, 2010 Create 2 columns… Bell Ringer: Create 2 columns… In column 1: Using the power point notes that you created the timeline with; what do you believe is the 5 most important events that affected westward expansion? In column 2: How did these event effect westward expansion? Objectives: I.W.B.A.T. –explain how the difficulties of Westward Expansion were conquered by writing the LCPS Benchmark Essay Prompt today. Assignments and important upcoming dates: -11/10 Homework tonight: “Vocabulary Sheets”. -11/12 Homework tonight: “Large & Fled” work sheet. -11/16 Homework: 15 MCQ’s /Quiz TODAY on VOCAB. -11/18 TEST on “Westward Expansion” B Day

“A” Day Class Assignments and important upcoming dates (for Block 1 ONLY):: -11/11 No Homework Tonight -11/15 “Large & Fled” work sheet. -11/17 Homework: 15 MCQ’s / Quiz TODAY on VOCAB. -11/19 TEST on “Westward Expansion” “A” Day Class Assignments and important upcoming dates (for Blocks 2 & 4): -11/11 Homework tonight: “Large & Fled” work sheet. -11/15 Homework: 15 MCQ’s /Quiz TODAY on VOCAB. -11/17 TEST on “Westward Expansion” “B” Day Class Assignments and important upcoming dates (for Blocks 5, 6, & 8): -11/10 Homework tonight: “Vocabulary Sheets”. -11/12 Homework tonight: “Large & Fled” work sheet. -11/16 Homework: 15 MCQ’s /Quiz TODAY on VOCAB. -11/18 TEST on “Westward Expansion”