LA: Monday, January 28, 2019 Handouts: * Grammar #50 (Locating the Subject) Homework: * Grammar #50 (Locating the Subject) [If you don’t finish in class, it is homework. ] * Study for Grammar Test #8 on Wed., Jan. 30 Test covers Subject-Verb Agreement Study Lessons #48, #49, #50, #51 Assignments due: * Grammar #49 (Subject Pronouns and Verb Agreement)

Lesson Goal: Learn to locate the subject in sentences containing an unusual structure. Outcomes: Be able to . . . Distinguish between the subject of the sentence and the object of a preposition. Identify the subject of the sentence in sentences that have prepositional phrases. Identify the subject of the sentence in sentences that start with words like “here” or “there.” Apply a re-arranging words trick to identify the subject of each sentence. Make the subject and verb agree in any given sentence.

Starter #2: Last week we looked at subject pronouns.   We know that a pronoun is . . . a word that takes the place of a noun in a sentence. So a subject pronoun is a pronoun that is the subject in a sentence. Subject pronouns are I, you, he, she it, we, they. These subject pronouns must agree in number with the verb, just as nouns must agree with the verb. I walk. (First person, singular) We walk. (First person, plural) You walk. (Second person, singular) You walk (Second person, plural) He, she, or it walks (Third person, singular) They walk (Third person, plural)

Starter #3: The verbs have, do, and be can be main verbs or helping verbs. Remember that they must agree with the subject whether they are used as main verbs or helping verbs.   I am asleep. (main verb) I am walking. (helping verb) She does good work. (main verb) They do like their work. (helping verb) You have three dollars. (main verb) You have met our new teacher. (helping verb)

The rooms near the entrance have new windows. Starter #4 How many of you think it’s easy to find the subject in a sentence?  Today we are going to look at two tricky types of sentences that throw off even adults. Case #1 Sometimes a prepositional phrase comes between the subject and the verb. Here’s where it gets dicey: Which word is the subject? (After locating it, remember that it must agree w/ the verb?)   The rooms near the entrance have new windows. It’s like saying . . . The rooms have new windows. (Pretend the prep phrase doesn’t exist.) The air in the mountains contains little oxygen. The air contains little oxygen. (Pretend the prep phrase doesn’t exist.) In both of the above sentences, people get confused. They look at the object of the prep phrase because that noun is closest to the subject. Does that noun have to agree with the verb? NO, because the object of the preposition is NOT the subject of the sentence.

Starter #5 Two other types of sentences that fool people are sentences that begin with the words “here” or “there.” The words “here” and “there,” however are NEVER the subject of a sentence. So what is the subject and how do you find it? Case #2 Watch out for sentences that start with the words “here” or “there.” The subject will be located after the verb. You can easily identify the subject by re-arranging the sentence order. Move the subject so it appears before the verb. How? There are many palm trees in Florida. How would we re-arrange the words to find the subject easily? Many palm trees are there in Florida. Here in the city is a large building. A large building is here in the city.