A multicentre analysis of epidemiology of the nosocomial bloodstream infections in Japanese university hospitals M. Nagao Clinical Microbiology and.

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A multicentre analysis of epidemiology of the nosocomial bloodstream infections in Japanese university hospitals M. Nagao Clinical Microbiology and Infection Volume 19, Issue 9, Pages 852-858 (September 2013) DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12083 Copyright © 2013 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Number of blood culture sets taken per bed (a) and the rates of multiple blood culture sets (b) for 17 university hospitals in Japan. *ESBL, extended spectrum beta lactamase. **MBL, metallo-beta-lactamase. The average number of blood culture sets taken per bed increased from 4.07 per bed in 2008 to 5.36 per bed in 2012. The average rate of multiple blood culture sets increased from 29.9% to 50.0% during this time. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2013 19, 852-858DOI: (10.1111/1469-0691.12083) Copyright © 2013 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Rates of antimicrobial resistance over time for gram-positive isolates (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and ampicillin resistant Enterococcus spp.,), gramnegative isolates (ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli, extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli and Klebsiella spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ceftazidime resistant, metallo-beta-lactamase producing isolates and multidrug resistant isolates)). ESBL-producing E. coli and Klebsiella spp. increased annually whereas MRSA decreased from 2009 to 2011. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2013 19, 852-858DOI: (10.1111/1469-0691.12083) Copyright © 2013 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions