BEAUTY is in the PHI of the BEHOLDER

Beauty A quality that gives aesthetic pleasure Visual pleasantness of a person, animal, object or scene. Pleasantness of sound.

Subjectivity of Beauty Perception of each person Race, culture, era

The Divine Proportion The Golden Ratio No unification or generalization “Beauty is in the eye of the Beholder” PHI The Divine Proportion The Golden Ratio

Mathematics and the Golden Ratio Since the twentieth century, the golden ratio has been represented by the Greek letter Φ or φ (phi, after Phidias, a sculptor who is said to have employed it when sculpting figures for the Parthenon). Ratio = 1.618… = Phi = ø

Fibonacci Numbers Each number is phi times the last 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89… Found in nature White Calla Lily Euphorbia Trillium Black-eyed Susan Columbine Bloodroot Shasta Daisy Passion Flower Field Daisy

Golden Rectangle The Parthenon Leonardo Da Vinci Mona Lisa Vitruvius Since the Renaissance, many artists and architects have proportioned their works to approximate the golden ratio—especially in the form of the golden rectangle, in which the ratio of the longer side to the shorter is the golden ratio—believing this proportion to be aesthetically pleasing

Golden Pentagon The Sacrament of the Last Supper Salvador Dali Raphael Crucifixion The Sacrament of the Last Supper Salvador Dali

Golden Spiral Nautilus Shell Capitulum: Sunflower Pine Cones

DNA The Milky Way Galaxy DNA

PHI MASK Dr Stephen Marquardt Dr. Stephen Marquardt has studied human beauty for years. He has performed cross-cultural surveys on beauty and has found that all groups have the same perceptions of facial beauty. He has also analyzed the human face from ancient times to modern day. Through he research he has discovered that beauty is not only related to PHI but can be defined for both genders and for all races, cultures and eras with the beauty mask which he developed and patented. The mask uses the pentagon and decagon as its foundation, which embody phi in all their dimensions.

Roman: Lucilla Verus 164 A.D. Egyptian: Queen Nefertiti 1400 BC Raphael: The Small Cowper, Madonna 1505 A.D

Greta Garbo: 1931 Marylin Monroe: 1957