Standard-dose vs. low-dose CT protocols in the evaluation of localized lung lesions: Capability for lesion characterization—iLEAD study Takeshi Kubo,

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Standard-dose vs. low-dose CT protocols in the evaluation of localized lung lesions: Capability for lesion characterization—iLEAD study Takeshi Kubo, Yoshiharu Ohno, Daisuke Takenaka, Mizuki Nishino, Shiva Gautam, Kazuro Sugimura, Hans Ulrich Kauczor, Hiroto Hatabu European Journal of Radiology Open Volume 3, Pages 67-73 (January 2016) DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2016.03.002 Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 (a, standard dose image; b, low dose image) 75 year-old-male (body weight 46kg) who had a chest CT examination for a suspected lung tumor in the right upper lobe. Visualization of a tumor with partially irregular margin and spicula (arrow) is clear in both images. European Journal of Radiology Open 2016 3, 67-73DOI: (10.1016/j.ejro.2016.03.002) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 (a, standard dose image; b, low dose image) 69year old male (body weight 56kg) who underwent preoperative CT examination for a lung tumor in the right upper lobe. Peripheral ground-glass opacity (arrow) and spicula (arrowhead) are appreciated clearly in both low dose and standard dose images. European Journal of Radiology Open 2016 3, 67-73DOI: (10.1016/j.ejro.2016.03.002) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 (a, standard dose image; b, low dose image) 67 year-old male (body weight 77kg) who had a chest CT examination for evaluation of a suspected nodule in the right middle lobe which turned out to be lung cancer. A well-demarcated ground-glass nodule is finely visualized with vascular structures inside the nodule. European Journal of Radiology Open 2016 3, 67-73DOI: (10.1016/j.ejro.2016.03.002) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 (a, standard dose image; b, low dose image) 67 year-old female (body weight 55kg) who had a chest CT examination for evaluation of a suspected mass in the left lower lobe. A mixed ground-glass nodule with internal web-like structures is equally visualized in both images. The tumor was removed surgically and confirmed to be a lung cancer. European Journal of Radiology Open 2016 3, 67-73DOI: (10.1016/j.ejro.2016.03.002) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Overall impression scores assigned on low dose images and standard dose images by reader 1, 2 and 3. European Journal of Radiology Open 2016 3, 67-73DOI: (10.1016/j.ejro.2016.03.002) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the lesion characterization (benign vs. malignant) for three readers. Solid lines represent the curves for 50mAs images and broken lines represent the curves for 150mAs images. No significant difference was found in area under the curve (AUC) between 50mAs and 150mAs images. European Journal of Radiology Open 2016 3, 67-73DOI: (10.1016/j.ejro.2016.03.002) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions