Key Ch. 5 Vocabulary Review – AP Government

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke 1978 SCOTUS decision holding that a state university may weigh race or ethnic background as one element in admissions, but may not set aside places for members of particular racial groups (no quotas). Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

1857 SCOTUS decision ruling that a slave who had escaped to a free state enjoyed no rights as a citizen and that Congress had no authority to ban slavery in the territories. Dred Scott v. Sanford

Brown v. Board of Education 1954 SCOTUS decision holding that school segregation is inherently unconstitutional because it violates the 14th Amendment guarantee of equal protection. This case outlawed segregation in public schools. Brown v. Board of Education

The law making racial discrimination in public accommodations illegal The law making racial discrimination in public accommodations illegal. It forbade many forms of discrimination. It also strengthened voting rights. Civil Rights Act of 1964

Policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government officials or individuals. Civil Rights

A policy designed to give special attention to or compensatory treatment for members of some previously disadvantaged group. Affirmative Action

Poll Taxes Literacy Test Grandfather Clause Jim Crow Laws Small fees levied on the right to vote. These and the _______ _____, and the __________ ________ were used by most Southern states to exclude African-Americans from voting. Collectively, these were known as ____ _______ _____. Poll Taxes Literacy Test Grandfather Clause Jim Crow Laws

The constitutional amendment passed in 1964 which declared poll taxes void in Federal elections. 24th Amendment

1896 SCOTUS decision that provided a constitutional justification for segregation by ruling that a Louisiana requiring “equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races was constitutional. Plessy V. Ferguson

1971 landmark SCOTUS case in which the court for the first time upheld a claim of gender discrimination. Reed v. Reed

1954 SCOTUS case that extended protection against discrimination against Hispanics. It ruled that excluding Hispanics from jury duty unreasonably singled out a group for discriminatory treatment. This helped with impartiality of juries. Hernandez v. Texas

1944 SCOTUS case that upheld as constitutional the internment of more than 100,000 Americans of Japanese descent in encampments during WWII. Korematsu v. U.S.

Ended formal and informal barriers to African-American suffrage Ended formal and informal barriers to African-American suffrage. Under the law, hundreds and thousands of African-Americans registered to vote, and the number of African-American elected officials increased dramatically. Also eliminated the Literacy Test. Voting Rights Act of 1965

Equal Rights Amendment Amendment originally introduced to Congress in 1923 and passed by Congress in 1972, stating that “equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the U.S. or any state on account of sex. Despite public support the amendment fell short of the three-fourths support of state legislatures required for ratification. Equal Rights Amendment

1976 SCOTUS case which established the “intermediate scrutiny” standard for determining gender discrimination. Craig v. Boren

Americans with Disabilities Act Passed in 1990 and requires employers and public facilities to make “reasonable accommodations” for people with disabilities and prohibits discrimination against these individuals in employment. Americans with Disabilities Act

Adarand Constructors v. Pena 1995 SCOTUS decision holding that federal programs that classify people by race, even for an ostensibly benign purpose like expanding opportunities for minorities, should be presumed to be unconstitutional. Adarand Constructors v. Pena