Jeremey Bentham Founder of Utilitarianism Born: 1748

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Presentation transcript:

Jeremey Bentham Founder of Utilitarianism Born: 1748 Died: 1832 (age – 84) Championed: Animals well-being, Prison reform, women's equality, the abolition of slavery, and maximum personal freedom Founded the University of London

Basic Principles of Utilitarianism Happiness = Pleasure (both mental and physical Pleasure counts) Pleasure is always, in itself, a good thing No particular being’s pleasure or pain matters any more or less than any others’ (Principle of Equal Treatment) The morally right thing to do, therefore, is that which will produce the greatest total amount of pleasure/happiness (Principle of Utility) Only Consequences matter for moral evaluations. Intentions mean nothing.

Cost Benefit Analysis Descriptive (how we act) Prescriptive (how we OUGHT to act) Cost – How can this hurt me? Benefit – How might this help me? Cost - How much pain will this cause US Benefit – How much pleasure will this cause US

Rounding up Beggars

Case Study: Should Pot be Legal?

Bentham’s Utilitarianism Claims that Objections The morality of an action depends only on the consequences of the action; nothing else matters An actions’ consequences matter only insofar as they involve the greater or lesser happiness of individuals In the evaluation of consequences, each individual’s happiness gets “equal consideration” Ignores individual rights and freedom Mistakenly thinks all pleasures count the same and are all good, and that all pain counts the same and is equally bad

John Stuart Mill 1806 – 1873 Genius Poet Politician Philosopher Lover All around good guy

Rule vs. Act Utilitariansim Act (Bentham) Rule (Mill) Each situation, each case, is judged by the principle of utility Situations, cases, are judged by the rules. Bu the rules are determined by the principle of utility

Rights

Higher Vs. Lower Pleasures

Is Utilitarianism too demanding? Supererogatory acts Special Obligations