Quadricuspid mitral valve: Of clefts, scallops, and indentations

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Presentation transcript:

Quadricuspid mitral valve: Of clefts, scallops, and indentations Giovanni Benfari, MD, Lucia Rossetti, MD, Andrea Rossi, MD, Giovanni Battista Luciani, MD The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Volume 152, Issue 2, Pages e51-e53 (August 2016) DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.04.066 Copyright © 2016 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 X-plane 2-dimensional color Doppler images showing severe mitral regurgitation with mildly eccentric holosystolic jet (A) and atrial 3-dimensional zoom view of the mitral valve (B). A large cleft within the aortic (anterior) scallop A2 is shown to reach the mitral annulus just below the mitroaortic junction. A second cleft within the mural (posterior) scallop P2, reaching the posterior mitral annulus, is also detectable (X7-2t transesophageal probe, optimized on 4 heart beats). Asterisk indicates mitral valve cleft. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2016 152, e51-e53DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.04.066) Copyright © 2016 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Operative view of the aortic (A) and mural (B) mitral leaflets after left atrial incision. Two hooks lifting the cranial and caudal segments of the scallops A2 and P2 are visible, where a deep cleft reaching respectively the anterior and the posterior mitral annuli is visible. Asterisk indicates the position of the anterior cleft (A) and the posterior cleft (B). The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2016 152, e51-e53DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.04.066) Copyright © 2016 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Atrial view 3D image of severe mitral regurgitation caused by double mitral valve cleft. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2016 152, e51-e53DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.04.066) Copyright © 2016 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Video 1 Color Doppler 2-dimensional record showing severe mitral regurgitation with mildly eccentric holosystolic jet (X7-2t transesophageal probe, X-plane mode). The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2016 152, e51-e53DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.04.066) Copyright © 2016 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Video 2 Atrial view of the mitral valve. A large cleft within the aortic scallop A2 is shown to reach the mitral annulus just below the mitroaortic junction. A second cleft within the mural scallop P2, reaching the posterior mitral annulus, is also detectable (X7-2t transesophageal probe, 3-dimensional zoom optimized on 4 heart beats). The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2016 152, e51-e53DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.04.066) Copyright © 2016 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Video 3 Ventricular view of the mitral valve. A large cleft between within the aortic scallop A2 is shown. A second smaller cleft within the mural scallop P2 is also detectable (X7-2t transesophageal probe, 3-dimensional zoom optimized on 4 heart beats and cropped offline with QLAB version 9). The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2016 152, e51-e53DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.04.066) Copyright © 2016 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions