Previous lectures: discussed how anatomy & physiology of the human reproductive system and how human sexual response are evolutionarily adapted for specific reproductive strategies. Human reproductive behaviors are also the product of adaptation to maximize the probability of reproductive success. Adapted to: - Attract and connect with potential mates - Select healthy mates carrying most “desirable” traits - Reproduce during our strongest and healthiest years - Reproduce as frequently as possible - Maximize probability that each intercourse will result in fertilization - Maximize probability that both mother & young will survive pregnancy - Maximize probability that offspring will reach maturity and reproduce

While much human reproductive behavior is the product of evolutionary adaptation, however, much of it is also learned. To a large extent, learned reproductive behaviors are directed toward those same goals: - Attract and connect with potential mates - Select healthy mates carrying most “desirable” traits - Reproduce during our strongest and healthiest years - Reproduce as frequently as possible - Maximize probability that each intercourse will result in fertilization - Maximize probability that both mother and young will survive pregnancy - Maximize probability that offspring will reach maturity and reproduce

- Body painting / cosmetics These learned sexual / reproductive behaviors are strongly influenced by cultural and social conditions. For Example: Different cultures use different body adornments to attract potential mates - Body painting / cosmetics - Jewelry - Hair styles

Human sexual behaviors, like all animals: sexually dimorphic (different forms in males vs. females) For example, in the United States: Men tend to solicit by projecting power & strength Women tend to solicit by projecting availability and access Women tend to view homosexuality as being more normal or acceptable than do men Men tend to view breastfeeding as more erotic than do women Others?

It is important, therefore, that reproductive / sexual behaviors be viewed contextually: We can not define “normal” or “typical” reproductive attitudes and behaviors without first: - Defining specific cultural, political, and historical conditions - Defining which group(s) of individuals we are including