Optimisation.

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Presentation transcript:

Optimisation

For example: Build a rectangular pen with three parallel partitions using 500 metres of fencing. What dimensions will maximize the total area of the pen ?

GUIDELINES FOR SOLVING MAX./MIN. PROBLEMS 1. Read each problem slowly and carefully. Read the problem at least three times before trying to solve it. Sometimes words can be ambiguous. It is imperative to know exactly what the problem is asking. If you misread the problem or hurry through it, you have NO chance of solving it correctly. 2. If appropriate, draw a sketch or diagram of the problem to be solved. Pictures are a great help in organizing and sorting out your thoughts. 3. Define variables to be used and carefully label your picture or diagram with these variables. This step is very important because it leads directly or indirectly to the creation of mathematical equations.

4. Write down all equations which are related to your problem or diagram. Clearly denote that equation which you are asked to maximize or minimize. Experience will show you that MOST optimization problems will begin with two equations. One equation is a "constraint" equation and the other is the "optimization" equation. The "constraint" equation is used to solve for one of the variables. This is then substituted into the "optimization" equation before differentiation occurs. Some problems may have NO constraint equation. Some problems may have two or more constraint equations. 5. Before differentiating, make sure that the optimization equation is a function of only one variable. Then differentiate using the well-known rules of differentiation. 6. Verify that your result is a maximum or minimum value using the first or second derivative test for extrema.

Find two nonnegative numbers whose sum is 9 and so that the product of one number and the square of the other number is a maximum.

An open rectangular box with square base is to be made from 48 cm2 of material. What dimensions will result in a box with the largest possible volume ?

A sheet of cardboard 3 0cm by 40cm will be made into a box by cutting equal-sized squares from each corner and folding up the four edges. What will be the dimensions of the box with largest volume ?

A cylindrical can is to hold 20 m3 A cylindrical can is to hold 20 m3. The material for the top and bottom costs $10/m2 and the material for the side $8/m2. Find the radius and height of the most economical can.