Diabetes: Introduction

OUTLINE Insulin and Sugar (Glucose) Symptoms and Reasons Logics and Tips to Apply

Glucose is the currency of body & every cell needs it Type 2 Type 1

Type 2 DM

Type 1 Type 2 Defects in Diabetes Zero Insulin Less Insulin Lost Identity Type 1 Type 2

Cont. Progressive Disorder Weakness Weight Loss Excessive Hunger Excessive Thirst Progressive Disorder

Simple Logics and Application agents  Insulin secretion Pancreas  Carbohydrate breakdown/ absorption Intestine -glucosidase inhibitors (e.g. acarbose) – delay digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the gastrointestinal tract.1,2 Sulfonylureas and meglitinides – stimulate insulin secretion from the pancreas.1,2 Biguanides (e.g. metformin) – suppress liver glucose output, enhance insulin sensitivity in the liver and stimulate insulin-mediated glucose disposal. They do not stimulate insulin secretion.1,2 Thiazolidinediones – decrease insulin resistance in fat, muscle and liver. In addition, they improve estimates of -cell function.1,2 1Kobayashi M. Diabetes Obes Metab 1999; 1 (Suppl. 1):S32–S40. 2Nattrass M & Bailey CJ. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 13:309–329.  Insulin resistance Kobayashi M. Diabetes Obes Metab 1999; 1 (Suppl. 1):S32–S40. Nattrass M & Bailey CJ. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 13:309–329.

Sulfonylureas/ meglitinides Diet Pattern  Insulin secretion Sulfonylureas/ meglitinides Divided Meals Small Eating (Portion Size) Preserve Pancreas from Over-exertion

 Carbohydrate breakdown/ absorption -glucosidase inhibitors Type of Carbohydrates  Carbohydrate breakdown/ absorption -glucosidase inhibitors Complex Carbs (More of Fibre) Reduced Absorption Better Glycemic Control alongwith Satiety

Tips to Patient More Vegetables Fruits (portion size) Avoid Juices Slow Eating (Better Satiety) Consumption of Water and Buttermilk b/w Meals

Insuiln Sensitivity More Fibres Watch on Fat Consumption  Insulin resistance Thiazolidinediones More Fibres Watch on Fat Consumption Active Daily Life Individualized Approaches for Exercise Plan

Need of Hour Protect Those Who Makes Genuine Mistakes.

Thank you