ESCMID Study Group for Infections in Compromised Hosts (ESGICH) Consensus Document on the safety of targeted and biological therapies: an infectious diseases perspective (Introduction)  M. Fernández-Ruiz, Y. Meije, O. Manuel, H. Akan, J. Carratalà, J.M. Aguado, J. Delaloye  Clinical Microbiology and Infection  Volume 24, Pages S2-S9 (June 2018) DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.01.029 Copyright © 2018 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Schematic representation of different types of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies according to their progressive humanization. Regions of human and murine origin are shown in grey and black, respectively. CDR, complementarity-determining region. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2018 24, S2-S9DOI: (10.1016/j.cmi.2018.01.029) Copyright © 2018 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Applications of engineered monoclonal antibody technology. Fragment antigen-binding (Fab) fragment (50 000 Da) is monovalent fragment consisting of VH, CH1, VL and CL domains linked by intramolecular disulfide bond. Fab' fragment (55 000 Da), which may be obtained from divalent F(ab')2 fragment, contains free sulfhydryl group that may be alkylated or utilized in conjugation with enzyme, toxin or another partner. Diabody is noncovalent dimer formed by two single-chain variable regions (scFv), each consisting of VH and VL domains connected by small peptide linker. Tribody has three scFv heads, each consisting of VH domain from one polypeptide paired with VL domain from neighbouring polypeptide. Bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) are composed of single polypeptide chain that consists of two VL and VH pairs (i.e. two tandem scFv regions), each with unique antigen specificity (one recognizes CD3, the other antigen on tumour cell surface). Constant regions (CH and CL) are shown in dark grey, variable regions (VH and VL) in clear grey. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2018 24, S2-S9DOI: (10.1016/j.cmi.2018.01.029) Copyright © 2018 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions