Mechanical Separation

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Presentation transcript:

Mechanical Separation

Filtration

Rate of Filtration pressure Resistance

Eq 13.1 + 13.4 = rate of filtration process S = solids content of the fluid V = volume that has passed through the filter A = cross-sectional area Total resistance Eq 13.1 + 13.4 = rate of filtration process

Early and Final stages of filtration Constant rate Constant pressure

Constant-rate filtration If L negligible

Design of Filtration System Small-scale experiment to obtain resistance value Obtain filtrate volume at different times at constant pressure Pilot-scale filter

Sedimentation Sedimentation velocities for low-concentration suspensions Terminal velocity individual particle is the only particle in the suspension = Free Settling

Force that resists the gravitational force = drag force u, relative velocity between particle and fluid d, particle diameter  fluid viscosity

Gravitational force Stoke’s Law Eq 13.12 = 13.13, Stream line flow and spherical particle

At Reynold No. > 1000 Conditions must be modified to account for drag force

m

Centrifugation

Separation of fluids with different densities

Rate of Separation Relative velocities between two phases Centrifugal acceleration