Independence Movements

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Presentation transcript:

Independence Movements Independence movements in the Americas: political, economic, social, intellectual and religious causes; the role of foreign intervention; conflicts and issues leading to war.

Where to Start? Yup, Europe Who are the major players in the Americas? SPAIN! ENGLAND! FRANCE! PORTUGAL! KLINGONS!

The Peninsular War Peninsular War (1807-1814) Napoleon’s French forces successful, but stretched thin Spanish royalty displaced Guerrilla war Spanish Constitution of 1812 Cadiz Cortes Goal: Create legitimacy in Spain Liberalism

Mexican Independence Political and Economic Changes in Europe Napoleonic Wars (Sound familiar?) Spain’s attention diverted Leadership in Mexico Peninsulares Church and Government positions Creoles Outnumbered Peninsulares 10-1

Disruption in the Americas Creoles and Peninsulars jockey for control Creoles move first (1808) Mexico City cabildo calls on viceroy to call assembly Free trade Home rule (not independence) Abolition of the Inquisition/Fuero Measures to reform industry, mining, agriculture

The ‘Elite’ Strikes Back Peninsulars threatened de Yermo leads coup Ousts viceroy Creoles do not respond… Why?... Bajio Region Economic Factors Agriculture dominated by large estates Textiles  putting out system Lucrative mining

Bajio’s Role “Free Labor” creates a worker class conscious External factors cause decline Creates resentment and insecurity “Marginal Elites” plot revolt in Queretaro How to gain support? Who? Plotters betrayed…

Hidalgo September 16th, 1810 300 years of oppression Father Miguel Hidalgo (Creole) Orders the arrest of local Peninsulars 300 years of oppression Thousands march on Guanajuato The Virgin of Guadalupe Creole domination or thirst for revenge?

El Grito El Grito de Dolores Becomes the battle cry of the war Uttered by Hidalgo My children: a new dispensation comes to us today. Will you receive it? Will you free yourselves? Will you recover the lands stolen three hundred years ago from your forefathers by the hated Spaniards? We must act at once… Will you defend your religion and your rights as true patriots? Long live our Lady of Guadalupe! Death to bad government! Death to the gachupines! (peninsulars)