WARM – UP Use LINE 5 of the random digit table. 30. The World Series. Each game is a component. Use random digits 00-99. Let 01-55 represent a win by the favored team, and Let 56-99 and 00 represent a win by the underdog. A trial consists of generating pairs until one team has 4 simulated wins. The response variable is whether or not the underdog wins. Theoretically the underdog is expected to win the World Series about 39% of the time.

RANDOM DIGIT TABLE vs CALCULATOR WARM – UP RANDOM DIGIT TABLE vs CALCULATOR Select three Greek letters from the list below at random. Seed: “10” (Sto>) then Math PRB (#1) rand: Simulate: Math PRB (#5) randInt(1,24)

Chapter 12 Sample Surveys The entire group of individuals that we want information about is called the Population. The Population Parameter, µ, p, is a numerical value (mean or proportion) that represents a characteristic of a population. This is rarely known but we want to try to estimate it. A Sample is a part of the population that we actually examine.

Sampling Frame (Design) refers to the method we use to choose the sample. - A Voluntary Response Sample consists of people who choose themselves by responding to a general appeal. - A Convenience Sample consists of choosing the individuals easiest to reach. - A Cluster Sample is a sample design in which an entire group (clusters) is chosen, at random, and all members of the group are sampled. - A Stratified Random Sample divides the population into groups called strata and then selects a sample from each strata, combining the results - A Systematic Sample has you randomly select a number, n, and then select every nth person. - A Census is a sample that consists of the entire population.

Sampling Frame (Design) (continued) - A Simple Random Sample (SRS) is a sample of size n that is chosen in such a way that every set of n individuals has an equal chance of being selected. The BEST and most reliable sample!

Cautions in Sampling Voluntary Response Bias: Individual with strong opinions choose themselves Undercoverage occurs when some groups in the population are left out of the process of choosing the sample. Nonresponse occurs when an individual chosen for the sample can’t be contacted or refuses to cooperate. Response Bias occurs when the behavior of the respondent or interviewer leads to a systematic favoring of one response. Respondents may lie or give an “expected” answer. Poor Wording of the Question Bias occurs when the question is confusing or leading.

HW: Page 289: 1-6 omit c

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Nonresponse Response Bias Response Bias Warm-Up: You invent a new chocolate bar and you want to gather information about it’s likeability from the population of US consumers. Using Undercoverage, Nonresponse, Response Bias, Poor Wording, or Voluntary Response, describe what is wrong with the following sampling methods? A. You randomly select 10 households. Six are not home and 4 slam the door in your face. B. You randomly select 10 individuals who all happen to be new employees that work under you. C. You randomly select 10 individuals who are all in the Weight Watchers program. None of them have had chocolate for 5 years but agree to eat yours. Nonresponse Response Bias Response Bias

Poor Wording of the Question Undercoverage, Nonresponse, Response Bias, Poor Wording, or Voluntary Response D. You randomly select 10 individuals from the Richardson Phone Book and ask them to come in for a taste test. E. You put the bars along with a questionnaire next to a time clock. F. You explain how extremely beneficial the candy is to general health. You then ask them to taste it and comment on its manifestation, its majestic consistency, and its astounding eminence. Undercoverage Voluntary Response Poor Wording of the Question