Functional Null Mutations of MSRB3 Encoding Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase Are Associated with Human Deafness DFNB74 Zubair M. Ahmed, Rizwan Yousaf,

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Functional Null Mutations of MSRB3 Encoding Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase Are Associated with Human Deafness DFNB74 Zubair M. Ahmed, Rizwan Yousaf, Byung Cheon Lee, Shaheen N. Khan, Sue Lee, Kwanghyuk Lee, Tayyab Husnain, Atteeq Ur Rehman, Sarah Bonneux, Muhammad Ansar, Wasim Ahmad, Suzanne M. Leal, Vadim N. Gladyshev, Inna A. Belyantseva, Guy Van Camp, Sheikh Riazuddin, Thomas B. Friedman, Saima Riazuddin The American Journal of Human Genetics Volume 88, Issue 1, Pages 19-29 (January 2011) DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.11.010 Copyright © 2011 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Substitution of a Conserved Cysteine Residue of MSRB3 Causes Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss DFNB74 (A) Pedigrees of three of the six DFNB74 families affected by prelingual nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss associated with the p.Cys89Gly alteration of MSRB3. Filled symbols represent individuals with prelingual severe to profound hearing loss, and a double horizontal line indicates a consanguineous marriage. Haplotype data for family PKDF805 (individual VI:12) provided a refined distal genetic recombination (red arrow head), and a proximal recombination breakpoint was identified in family PKDF529 (LOD 5.63, D12S313), as reported.12 (B) Nucleotide sequence chromatograms of part of exon 4 of MSRB3 show the wild-type sequence and homozygosity for the c.265T>G transversion mutation. (C) The cysteine residue at amino acid position 89 (accession number NP_932346.1) is completely conserved across a wide variety of species. Identical residues are in red. The American Journal of Human Genetics 2011 88, 19-29DOI: (10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.11.010) Copyright © 2011 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Nonsense Mutation of MSRB3 Causes Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss DFNB74 in Two Consanguineous Pakistani Families (A) Pedigrees of two apparently unrelated DFNB74 families affected by prelingual nonsyndromic hearing loss due to a p.Arg19X nonsense mutation of MSRB3. Among the affected individuals of the two families, there is a common haplotype of SNPs spanning a 15.2 Mb region that includes MSRB3. Physical map positions are taken from the February 2009 (GRCh37/hg19) assembly of the Human Genome Browser. (B) Representative nucleotide sequence chromatograms of part of exon 3 of MSRB3 show the wild-type and homozygosity for the c.55C>T (p.Arg19X) transition mutation. Mutation nomenclature is according to MSRB3 isoform B (accession number NM_001031679.2). Exon 3 is alternatively spliced and is absent from isoform A (Figure 3A), the longest transcript of MSRB3 (accession number NP_932346.1). The American Journal of Human Genetics 2011 88, 19-29DOI: (10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.11.010) Copyright © 2011 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Transcripts Encoding MSRB3 in Human and Mice and Their Expression Profile (A) Alternative splicing leads to four isoforms of human MSRB3. MSRB3 isoform A has translation initiation codon (AUG) in exon 1a, which is spliced with exons 4 through 8 to encode a polypeptide of 192 amino acids. MSRB3 isoform C includes exons 1a, 3, and 4–8. The predicted translation initiation codon for MSRB3 isoform C is located in exon 3. The predicted open reading frame for this isoform encodes 185 amino acid residues. MSRB3 isoform B transcript has all eight exons and utilizes the translation initiation codon present in exon 3 and also encodes the same protein of 185 amino acids. MSRB3 isoform D utilizes cassette exon 1b and encodes a 185 amino acid polypeptide that is identical to that encoded by isoforms B and C. Shown also are the two mutations found in DFNB74 families. The numbering of the position of mutation c.265T>G (p.Cys89Gly) is based on accession number NM_198080.3, whereas c.55C>T (p.Arg19X) is assigned on the basis of MSRB3 isoform B (NM_001031679.2). (B) Human MSRB3 isoforms A, B, and C are expressed in many tissues. (C) Mice have only a single Msrb3 transcript, which is ubiquitously expressed. (D) Real-time quantitative RT–PCR analysis of Msrb3 mRNA level in C57BL/6J mouse temporal bones at 11 different developmental stages. CT is the observed threshold number of PCR cycles required for detection of the amplification product; ΔCT is the calculated difference in CT between the Msrb3 gene and an internal control standard (Gapdh) measured in the same sample. ΔΔCT is the calculated difference in ΔCT between the experimental and P90 time points. (E) Sigma-Aldrich commercial antiserum raised against human MSRB3 was used for determining the expression of mouse MSRB3 in immunoblot analysis. The American Journal of Human Genetics 2011 88, 19-29DOI: (10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.11.010) Copyright © 2011 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 MSRB3 Is Localized in the Auditory and Vestibular Sensory Epithelia of the Inner Ear (A and D) MSRB3 (green) is localized to the outer (OHCs) and inner (IHCs) hair cell bodies. A barely detectable level of MSRB3 was observed in the hair cell stereocilia. Supporting cells have weaker staining by anti-MSRB3 antibody than hair cells. (B, E, H, and K) The actin cytoskeleton of the organ of Corti and vestibular sensory epithelia cells is highlighted by rhodamine-phalloidin (red). (C, F, I, and L) Merged images. (G and J) MSRB3 localizes in the vestibular hair cell bodies and also in supporting cells (green). Panel G shows staining at the stereocilia level. Stereocilia bundle staining is barely detectable, and a weak signal could be observed in the kinocilia (G and I). Note that the MSRB3 signal in hair cells is prominent (J and L). Scale bars in F and L are 20 μm. The American Journal of Human Genetics 2011 88, 19-29DOI: (10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.11.010) Copyright © 2011 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Replacement of a Highly Conserved Cysteine Residue at Position 89 with Glycine Diminishes the Enzymatic Activity as Well as the Zn-Binding Ability of MSRB3 A construct encoding mutant p.Cys89Gly human MSRB3 containing a C-terminal His tag (LEHHHHHH) was prepared through site-directed mutagenesis with a MSRB3AΔ (1-31 amino acid) construct that lacked the endoplasmic-reticulum-targeting sequence.20 (A) Catalytic activity of the p.Cys89Gly mutant form of MSRB3 is shown and compared to the activity of the wild-type protein. Virtually no activity of the p.Cys89Gly mutant of MSRB3 was detected in the DTT-dependent reaction. (B) A statistically significant reduction in Zn content of the protein was observed for p.Cys89Gly mutant MSRB3 as compared to the wild-type protein. Data are represented as means, and error bars represent standard deviations. Error bars and standard deviation were calculated on the basis of three independent experiments. The American Journal of Human Genetics 2011 88, 19-29DOI: (10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.11.010) Copyright © 2011 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions