THE COLD WAR UNIT 8 Chapter 26 – The Cold War Chapter 29 – The Kennedy & Johnson Years

The Kennedy and Johnson Years Chapter 29: The Kennedy and Johnson Years (1961–1969) Section 1: The New Frontier Section 2: The Great Society Section 3: Foreign Policy in the Early 1960s

Presidents of the United States George Washington; Federalist (1788) John Adams; Federalist (1796) Thomas Jefferson (1800) James Madison (1808) James Monroe (1816) John Quincy Adams (1824) Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828) Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836) William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840) John Tyler; Whig (1841) James K. Polk; Democrat (1844) Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848) Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850) Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852) James Buchanan; Democrat (1856) Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860) Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865) Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868) Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876) James Garfield; Republican (1880) #21 - … Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881) Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884) Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888) Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892) William McKinley; Republican (1896) Theodore Roosevelt; Republican (1901) William Howard Taft; Republican (1908) Woodrow Wilson; Democrat (1912) Warren G. Harding; Republican (1920) Calvin Coolidge; Republican (1923) Herbert Hoover; Republican (1928) Franklin D. Roosevelt; Democrat (1932) Harry S. Truman; Democrat (1945) Dwight D. Eisenhower; Republican (1952) John F. Kennedy; Democrat (1960) Lyndon B. Johnson; Democrat (1963)

CORE OBJECTIVE: Analyze the origins of the Cold War and evaluate the presidential foreign policies during the Cold War. Objective 8.5: Describe the domestic programs pursued by President Kennedy.

CHAPTER 29 SECTION 1 THE NEW FRONTIER

1960 ELECTION The 1960 election is the first to have televised debates. Richard Nixon, Republican was running against John Kennedy, a democrat. Nixon had helped root out communists in the 1950’s and served as Eisenhower’s VP. Kennedy proved to be more engaging on television than Nixon during the 1960 presidential debates, the first such debates to be televised. WRITE THIS DOWN!

NO MANDATE Kennedy defeated his opponent, Republican Richard Nixon Kennedy won the 1960 election by an extremely close margin - fewer than 119,000 popular votes out of nearly 69 million cast. Because of the close election victory, Kennedy entered office without a mandate, or public endorsement of his proposals. WRITE THIS DOWN!

JOHN F. KENNEDY Public Fears about JFK Who is JFK? WRITE THIS DOWN! Who is JFK? Dad was SEC chairman and U.S. British Ambassador during WW II Also built a large fortune in the stock market and real estate Served in Navy during WW II Massachusetts Democrat; served in Congress for 14 years Public Fears about JFK Youngest president to be elected: age 43 Was Roman Catholic; some feared he was taking orders from the Pope Kennedy was an advocate for peace Speech from June 10, 1963: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NtJLzBQeAUI

WRITE THIS DOWN! DOMESTIC PROGRAMS In a speech early in his presidency, Kennedy said that the nation was poised at the edge of a “New Frontier.” Referred to Kennedy’s proposals to (1) improve the economy, (2) assist the poor, and (3) speed up the space program. Kennedy’s efforts to improve the economy included ordering a federal investigation into steel price fixing and proposing a large tax cut. His tax cut proposal, however, became stuck in Congress. Many of Kennedy’s proposals aimed to combat poverty and inequality. Although some were rejected by Congress, others were passed. These included an increase in the minimum wage, funding for urban renewal, abolishment of poll taxes, and the Equal Pay Act, which required all employees doing the same work in the same workplace to receive equal wages.

KENNEDY AND AMERICA The Story of US: JFK https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHLWThjSJP4

WRITE THIS DOWN! THE SPACE RACE The Soviet Union’s launch of the Sputnik satellite in 1957 inspired the United States to work toward placing a manned spacecraft in orbit. In April 1961, Soviet astronaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to travel in space. Americans worried their technology was falling behind that of the Soviets. On July 20, 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the moon

Kennedy Is Assassinated WRITE THIS DOWN! Kennedy Is Assassinated On November 22, 1963, Kennedy was shot while riding in an open limousine through Dallas, Texas. He had traveled to Texas to mobilize support for his upcoming reelection campaign. Shots fired from the sixth-floor window of the empty Texas School Book Depository mortally wounded Kennedy, making Vice President Lyndon Johnson the new President. The suspect in Kennedy’s murder, Lee Harvey Oswald, was murdered by a man named Jack Ruby two days later, while being transferred from one jail to another. A compilation of video footage an educator has compiled tracing the events of Kennedy’s death https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6H2fKJrYtk

JFK ASSASSINATION A compilation of video footage an educator has compiled tracing the events of Kennedy’s death https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6H2fKJrYtk

WRITE THIS DOWN! THE WARREN COMMISSION To investigate Kennedy’s murder, President Johnson appointed the Warren Commission. The President’s Commission on the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy, better known as the Warren Commission, named after its chairman, Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren. The Warren Commission determined that Oswald had acted alone. However, theories that Oswald and Ruby had belonged to a conspiracy persisted.

The New Frontier—Assessment What was the New Frontier? (A) A campaign slogan used in the 1960 election (B) Kennedy’s proposal for a tax cut (C) NASA’s program to put a manned spacecraft in orbit (D) A collective term for many of Kennedy’s proposals Which of these statements best describes the conclusion reached by the Warren Commission? (A) Oswald and Ruby had acted together to assassinate Kennedy. (B) Oswald had acted alone when assassinating Kennedy. (C) Oswald and Ruby had participated in a conspiracy. (D) Oswald had been framed, and Ruby had been the true assassin.

The New Frontier—Assessment What was the New Frontier? (A) A campaign slogan used in the 1960 election (B) Kennedy’s proposal for a tax cut (C) NASA’s program to put a manned spacecraft in orbit (D) A collective term for many of Kennedy’s proposals Which of these statements best describes the conclusion reached by the Warren Commission? (A) Oswald and Ruby had acted together to assassinate Kennedy. (B) Oswald had acted alone when assassinating Kennedy. (C) Oswald and Ruby had participated in a conspiracy. (D) Oswald had been framed, and Ruby had been the true assassin.