Forms of Energy 6TH GRADE SCIENCE

What is energy used for in our everyday lives? Energy is one of the most fundamental parts of our universe. We use energy to do work. Energy lights our cities. Energy powers our vehicles, trains, planes and rockets. Energy warms our homes, cooks our food, plays our music, gives us pictures on television. Energy powers machinery in factories and tractors on a farm.

What is energy used for in our everyday lives? Energy from the sun gives us light during the day. It dries our clothes when they're hanging outside on a clothes line. It helps plants grow. Energy stored in plants is eaten by animals, giving them energy. And predator animals eat their prey, which gives the predator animal energy. Everything we do is connected to energy in one form or another.

Is there more than one form of energy? Kinetic Energy: energy of motion. Mechanical Kinetic Electrical Sound Radiant (EM) Thermal Potential Energy: stored energy or position. Gravitational Mechanical Potential Nuclear Chemical Elastic

Mechanical (KE or PE) Mechanical (KE) is machines with moving parts. Examples: Wind-up toys, grandfather clocks, and pogo sticks, windmills are all examples machines displaying mechanical energy.

Radiant (KE) Radiant energy is also called electromagnetic energy. Radiant energy (EM) is the movement of photons that travel in the form of waves. Examples of radiant energy include radio waves (AM, FM, TV), microwaves, infrared, ultraviolet, visible light, X-rays, gamma rays, SUN rays, etc.

Radiant (EM)

Electrical (KE) Electrical energy is the movement of electrons in matter to create electricity. Electrons are found on the energy levels of an atom and they have a negative charge.

Thermal (KE) Thermal energy -the vibration and movement of atoms and molecules within substance. Thermal energy is related to temperature. Boiling water, burning wood, and rubbing your hands together really fast are all examples of heat energy.

Sound (KE) Sound energy is the movement molecules in the air that produces vibrations. Examples: Alarms, music, speech, ultrasound medical equipment all use sound energy.

Mechanical PE) Mechanical (PE) is machines with moving parts that are NOT moving. Examples: Wind-up toys, grandfather clocks, and pogo sticks, windmills are all examples machines displaying mechanical energy.

Potential Energy Potential energy is stored energy. Gravitational Potential Energy is due to the position of an object. Elastic potential energy is found in objects that can be compressed or stretched.

Chemical (PE) Chemical PE energy is the energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules. Fossil fuels and biomass store chemical energy. Products that contain chemical energy include: TNT, baking soda, and a match. Biomass, petroleum, natural gas, propane and coal are examples of stored chemical energy.

Nuclear (PE) Nuclear energy is the energy stored in the nucleus of an atom. An atom's nucleus can be split apart (nuclear fission). When this is done, a tremendous amount of energy is released. Nuclear power plants use nuclear energy to make electricity. Another form of nuclear energy is called fusion. Fusion means joining smaller nuclei to make a larger nucleus. The sun uses nuclear fusion of hydrogen atoms into helium atoms. This gives off heat and light and other radiation.

Nuclear Energy (Nucleus of Atom)

Nuclear Energy Examples Nuclear fusion that occurs in the center of the sun. Nuclear power plants using uranium Nuclear submarines Atomic bombs

What is an energy transformation? Energy transformations occur when one form of energy is changed into another form of energy. This is also known as energy conversion. REMEMBER, ENERGY CANNOT BE CREATED OR DESTROYED! This is known as the LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY.

Electrical to ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY QUIZ TIME! What type of energy cooks food in a microwave oven? Electrical to ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY What type of energy is the spinning plate inside of a microwave oven? MECHANICAL ENERGY

QUIZ TIME! Electrical energy is transported to your house through power lines. When you plug an electric fan to a power outlet, electrical energy is transform into what type of energy? MECHANICAL ENERGY

What energy transformation occurs when an electric lamp is turned on? QUIZ TIME! What energy transformation occurs when an electric lamp is turned on? _____________________  ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY

What types of energy are shown below? Chemical to Kinetic and Thermal Energy (Don’t forget friction)

What type of energy is shown below? Chemical Energy

What types of energy are shown below? Electrical to Electromagnetic and Sound

What type of energy is shown below? Chemical Energy (yummy)

What type of energy is shown below? Electrical to Thermal

Examples: Stored energy (chemical) in a flashlight's batteries becomes light energy when the flashlight is turned on. Food is stored energy. It is stored as a chemical with potential energy. When your body uses that stored energy to do work, it becomes kinetic energy. If you overeat, the energy in food is not "burned" but is stored as potential energy in fat cells. A car uses stored chemical energy in gasoline to move. The engine changes the chemical energy into heat and kinetic energy/mechanical energy to power the car.

Examples: A toaster changes electrical energy into heat and light energy. (If you look into the toaster, you'll see the glowing wires.) A television changes electrical energy into light and sound energy. Electric water heater is electrical energy transforms into thermal energy causing the water to become hotter. Gas water heater, natural gas (fuel) changes chemical energy into thermal energy and heats the water.