Does Cross-Clamping the Arch Increase the Risk of Descending Thoracic and Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm Repair? Leonard N. Girardi, MD, Karl H. Krieger, MD, Charles A. Mack, MD, Leonard Y. Lee, MD, Anthony J. Tortolani, MD, O. Wayne Isom, MD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 79, Issue 1, Pages 133-137 (January 2005) DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2004.06.083 Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
Fig 1 Management strategies for patients with descending thoracic or thoracoabdominal aneurysms requiring control of the aorta between the left common carotid and left subclavian arteries. (“complex” = extent II aneurysm, anticipated cross-clamp time greater than 30 minutes, severely reduced ventricular function, acute or chronic dissection; CSF = cerebrospinal fluid; PHCA = profound hypothermic circulatory arrest; (+) = yes; (−) = no.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2005 79, 133-137DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2004.06.083) Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions