Perivascular Hair Follicle Stem Cells Associate with a Venule Annulus

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Perivascular Hair Follicle Stem Cells Associate with a Venule Annulus Ying Xiao, Wei-Meng Woo, Keisuke Nagao, Wenling Li, Atsushi Terunuma, Yoh-suke Mukouyama, Anthony E. Oro, Jonathan C. Vogel, Isaac Brownell Journal of Investigative Dermatology Volume 133, Issue 10, Pages 2324-2331 (October 2013) DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.167 Copyright © 2013 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Upper bulge stem cells are associated with a vascular annulus. CD31 and K15 immunostaining of vascular endothelial cells in mouse skin sections (40–80μm thickness) at (a) embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5), (b) E18.5, and (c) P0. CD31 and K15 co-stained adult skin with hair follicles in (d) anagen, (e) catagen, and (f) telogen. (g) The mean distance (μm, n=55) to the nearest CD31-stained cell from keratinocytes in the mid-K15- upper bulge, mid-infundibulum, and mid-K15+ bulge in telogen skin. (h) Whole-mount CD31 immunostaining and autofluorescent hair shafts in adult ear skin viewed en face. (i) Egfl6 immunostaining in K15- upper bulge in telogen hair follicle. Arrowhead, follicle-associated blood vessel. Error bars represent SD. *P<0.05 (F-test). Bar=50μm. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2013 133, 2324-2331DOI: (10.1038/jid.2013.167) Copyright © 2013 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 The vascular annulus is composed of venules. (a) Telogen follicles in back skin from ephrinB2-tau-lacZ mice immunostained for CD31 and β-galactosidase. Arterioles label for both markers (arrow), whereas the vascular annulus only labels for CD31 (arrowhead). EphrinB2 also stains the follicle (*). (b) Wild-type telogen follicles immunostained for CD31 and EphB1. Venules, including the vascular annulus, label with both markers (arrow), whereas arterial vessels only label with CD31+ (arrowhead). Bar=50μm. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2013 133, 2324-2331DOI: (10.1038/jid.2013.167) Copyright © 2013 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 The vascular annulus persists in denervated skin. Immunostaining in telogen skin, (a) the K15- upper bulge associates with both CD31-marked blood vessels and neurofilament-marked nerves. (b) In Gli1lacZ/+ mouse hair follicles, Gli1+ K15- upper bulge stem cells associate with the CD31+ vascular annulus. (c) In surgically denervated skin from the same mouse, 2 weeks post denervation, the vascular annulus remains present, although the upper bulge has become Gli1- and K15+. Arrows indicate the upper bulge. Bar=50μm. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2013 133, 2324-2331DOI: (10.1038/jid.2013.167) Copyright © 2013 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 The vascular annulus forms around reconstituted hair follicles. Reconstituted mouse skin was generated on the back of adult nude mice. Vasculature (CD31) and K15 expression were examined three weeks after transplantation. (a, b) A vascular annulus was consistently associated with the upper bulge region of the reconstituted follicles (arrowheads). At the periphery of the graft (a), the vascular annulus coincided with K15- upper bulge (arrows). (c) Egfl6 immunostaining in upper bulge of reconstituted hair follicle. Bar=50μm. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2013 133, 2324-2331DOI: (10.1038/jid.2013.167) Copyright © 2013 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 A schematic model of perivascular hair follicle stem cells. In adult mouse skin a venous vascular annulus remains associated with Gli1+ K15- stem cells in the upper bulge throughout the hair cycle, despite marked remodeling of other perifollicular vasculature. Upper bulge stem cells are known to be spatially, molecularly, and functionally distinct from other follicle stem cells, and the formation of the vascular annulus appears to coincide with specification and regionalization of the upper bulge. The unique expression of the angiogenic factor Egfl6 by the upper bulge further suggests a specialized association with a perivascular microenvironment for these stem cells. DP, dermal papilla; SG, sebaceous gland. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2013 133, 2324-2331DOI: (10.1038/jid.2013.167) Copyright © 2013 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions