F. Barbut, M. Delmée, J. S. Brazier, J. C. Petit, I. R. Poxton, M

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Presentation transcript:

A European survey of diagnostic methods and testing protocols for Clostridium difficile F. Barbut, M. Delmée, J.S. Brazier, J.C. Petit, I.R. Poxton, M. Rupnik, V. Lalande, C. Schneider, P. Mastrantonio, R. Alonso, E. Kuipjer, M. Tvede Clinical Microbiology and Infection Volume 9, Issue 10, Pages 989-996 (October 2003) DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00683.x Copyright © 2003 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Use of specific criteria (such as antibiotic intake, nosocomial diarrhoea or liquid stools) determined by the microbiologist for testing for C. difficile (B: Belgium, Dk: Denmark; F: France, G: Germany, GB: the United Kingdom I: Italy, NL: the Netherlands, Sp: Spain). Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2003 9, 989-996DOI: (10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00683.x) Copyright © 2003 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Criteria used for undertaking C. difficile investigations on stools. ATB, antibiotic intake. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2003 9, 989-996DOI: (10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00683.x) Copyright © 2003 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Percentage of laboratories performing toxin detection on stools by country. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2003 9, 989-996DOI: (10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00683.x) Copyright © 2003 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Methods used for toxin detection (white bars represent the cytotoxicity assay and black bars the enzyme immunoassays). Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2003 9, 989-996DOI: (10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00683.x) Copyright © 2003 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Types of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) used for toxin detection. The black bars represent rapid individual devices (i.e. ColorPAC™, Triage™), the grey bars represent classic EIA in microtiter plates that detect both toxins A and B (i.e. Cytoclone™ and ToxAB Test™) and the white bars represent classic EIA in microtiter plates that detect either toxin A or B. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2003 9, 989-996DOI: (10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00683.x) Copyright © 2003 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Percentage of laboratories performing culture for C. difficile. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2003 9, 989-996DOI: (10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00683.x) Copyright © 2003 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

Figure 7 Strategies used in different countries for C. difficile diagnosis (white bars, minimal strategy; grey bars, standard strategy; hatched bars, optimal strategies and black bars, other strategies). Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2003 9, 989-996DOI: (10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00683.x) Copyright © 2003 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions