Midlands Collaborative, November 2012 Timely Identification and Referral of Potential Organ Donors Paul Murphy National Clinical Lead for Organ Donation

Midlands Collaborative, November 2012 Objectives To understand the current difficulties with donor identification and referral To recognise the benefits of improving current elements of the identification and referral processes –Proportion of potential donors identified and referred –Timeliness of referral –Responsiveness to referral To agree to adopt one or other of the proposed methods of identification and referral –Collaboration between SN-OD teams and referring hospitals To understand implementation and monitoring programme

Midlands Collaborative, November 2012 Outline Data –Donation after Brain Death –Donation after Circulatory Death –Timings of donation pathway Existing identification and referral criteria New guidance –Provenance –Potential benefits –Key features –Options Implementation and monitoring

Midlands Collaborative, November 2012 Referral rates for potential DBD donors, 2010/11 = one (or more) Trust/Health Board National rate 95% CL 99.8% CL 95% CL

Midlands Collaborative, November 2012 Referral rates for potential DCD donors, 2010/11 National rate 95% CL 99.8% CL 95% CL = one (or more) Trust/Health Board

Midlands Collaborative, November 2012 UK rates of referral

Midlands Collaborative, November 2012 Progression through the donation pathway

Midlands Collaborative, November 2012 SN-OD responsiveness

Midlands Collaborative, November 2012 Referral to attendance Variation across UK Median (hrs)Q3 (hrs) DBD Best Worst DCD Best Worst1.94.2

Midlands Collaborative, November 2012 Overall timings

Midlands Collaborative, November 2012 General Medical Council, 2010 If a patient is close to death and their views cannot be determined, you should be prepared to explore with those close to them whether they had expressed any views about organ or tissue donation, if donation is likely to be a possibility. You should follow any national procedures for identifying potential organ donors and, in appropriate cases, for notifying the local transplant coordinator. Decisions to limit or withdraw treatments in potential DCD donors MUST be in compliance with national End of Life Care policy.

Midlands Collaborative, November 2012 ODTF Minimum notification criteria Donation after Brain-stem Death When no further treatment options are available or appropriate, and there is a plan to confirm death by neurological criteria, the DTC should be notified as soon as sedation/analgesia is discontinued, or immediately if the patient has never received sedation/analgesia. This notification should take place even if the attending clinical staff believe that donation (after death has been confirmed by neurological criteria) might be contra-indicated or inappropriate.

Midlands Collaborative, November 2012 ODTF Minimum notification criteria Donation after Circulatory Death In the context of a catastrophic neurological injury, when no further treatment options are available or appropriate and there is no intention to confirm death by neurological criteria, the DTC should be notified when a decision has been made by a consultant to withdraw active treatment and this has been recorded in a dated, timed and signed entry in the case notes. This notification should take place even if the attending clinical staff believe that death cannot be diagnosed by neurological criteria, or that donation after cardiac death might be contra-indicated or inappropriate.

Midlands Collaborative, November 2012 UK Donation Ethics Committee There is no ethical dilemma if the treating clinician wishes to make contact with the SN-OD at an early stage, while the patient is seriously ill and death is likely, but before a formal decision has been made to withdraw life-sustaining treatment. [Benefits] include establishing whether there are contra-indications for organ donation…… Other practical and organisational factors might be relevant – if the SN-OD is based at a distant location then early contact can help to minimise distressing delays for the family.

Midlands Collaborative, November 2012 British Medical Association, 2012 The research data analysed by NICE showed that the use of clinical triggers and a requirement to refer according to standard criteria led to an increase in both referrals and donors. It is hoped that implementation of the NICE guideline will result in early and consistent donor referral.

Midlands Collaborative, November 2012 NICE SCG 135

Midlands Collaborative, November 2012 Donor Assessment

Midlands Collaborative, November 2012 NHS BT Strategy Implementation not publication Key area for collaboration between hospitals and donor care teams Very clear emphasis on benefits –How not who Suite of options Clarity over implementation

Midlands Collaborative, November 2012 Problems Not all patients are referred –DCD Not all patients are referred as early as they might be –Intention to test –Clinical triggers SN-OD response times are not always as we would like them –Geographical deployment

Midlands Collaborative, November 2012 Provenance

Midlands Collaborative, November 2012 Objectives, benefits and outcomes All potential donors are identified and referred All donors are referred in a timely fashion SN-ODs are deployed in a way that improves responsiveness All patients are given the option of donation Access to clinical advice Prompt donor optimisation Resolution of potential legal obstacles Early assessment of marginal donors Early tissue typing / screening Planning the family approach Reduction in delays for families and units Increased donor numbers Improved consent / authorisation rates Increase in donor organs Better experience

Midlands Collaborative, November 2012 Planning the family approach Planning Confirming understanding and acceptance of loss Discussing donation Establish the team: Consultant, SN-OD and nurse Clarify clinical situation Seek evidence of prior consent Key family members by name Key family issues Agree a process of approach and who will be involved Agree timing and setting, ensuring these are appropriate to family needs Involve others as required, eg faith leaders

Midlands Collaborative, November 2012 Strategy proposals Every hospital should have a written policy for the identification and timely referral of all potential donors As a minimum every donating area within a given hospital adopts a consistent approach In circumstances where clinicians feel conflicted, consider approaches that decouple early referral from that clinician Donation Committees and SN-OD teams are asked to collaborate to develop and implement a policy that ensures that all potential donors are identified and referred in a timely fashion.

Midlands Collaborative, November Daily visit by SN-OD

Midlands Collaborative, November Early daily phone call

Midlands Collaborative, November Daily ICU team safety brief

Midlands Collaborative, November 2012 Frenchay ICU team safety brief

Midlands Collaborative, November 2012 Frenchay ICU team safety brief

Midlands Collaborative, November Standard Operating Procedure

Midlands Collaborative, November 2012 Midlands Standard Operating Procedure

Midlands Collaborative, November 2012 Midlands Standard Operating Procedure

Midlands Collaborative, November Nurse led referrals

Midlands Collaborative, November 2012 Implementation All hospitals to adopt a referral strategy by 31 January 2013 SN-ODs to be present at an appropriate time at least five days per week on the ICUs of all level 1 hospitals Non referrals continue to be reported by the PDA Next update of PDA will examine the timeliness of referral SN-OD teams will be managed against their responsiveness