INTERNALIZATION AND SANCTIONS SOCIAL CONTROL INTERNALIZATION AND SANCTIONS

INTERNALIZATION The process by which a norm becomes a part of an individual’s personality thereby conditioning the individual to conform to society. This is the most important form of social control This is how something becomes “common sense” Can you give examples of this?

SANCTIONS POSITIVE: REWARD NEGATIVE: PUNISHMENT OR THREAT OF PUNISHMENT FORMAL: REWARD OR PUNISHMENT GIVEN BY A FORMAL ORGANIZATION OR REGULATORY BODY INFORMAL: SPONTANEOUS EXPRESSION OF APPROVAL OR DISAPPROVAL GIVEN BY AN INDIVIDUAL OR A GROUP

AGENTS OF SOCIAL CONTROL THE POLICE THE COURTS RELIGION THE FAMILY PUBLIC OPINION CAN YOU THINK OF ANY OTHERS?

GIVE TWO EXAMPLES OF EACH OF THE FOLLOWING: A POSITIVE FORMAL SANCTION A NEGATIVE FORMAL SANCTION A POSITIVE INFORMAL SANCTION A NEGATIVE INFORMAL SANCTION

Make a comprehensive list that completes the following: “In ___________ , I am a _____________.” i.e. In school I am a student. i.e. In the universe I am, but a speck.

Social Structure Made up of interrelated statuses and roles that guides human interaction. Status = a socially defined position in a group or in a society. Your rank or level of importance. (you are ALL very important people) LABEL? Role = is the behavior expected of someone occupying a particular status

Status and Role?

Status and Role?

Status and Role?

Status and Role?

Status and Role?

Status Categories Ascribed Status = A status that is assigned according to standards beyond one’s control-- inherited or that come with age. Sex Race Royalty Achieved Status = A status acquired on the basis of a skill, knowledge or ability. Occupation Spouse Parent Graduate Athlete Master Status = The status that is currently most important in shaping one’s life and determining social identity. This can change at different stages in life.

NOW GO BACK TO YOUR LIST AND … Circle your ascribed statuses. Underline your achieved statuses. Star or highlight your master status.

On a sheet of paper, come up with as many statuses in society you can think of. Every label we have for people connotes a level or rank in society

Statuses… Man Woman Misfit Outcast Deviant Parent Spouse Loner Leader Lover King/Queen Rich Poor Yuppie/preppy Felon Girlfriend/boyfriend Guide Athlete Any occupation Gangsta Immigrant (illegal/legal) Terrorist Pacifist Soldier Dropout Graduate Star Role Model Homeless/bum Intellectual Prostitute Grandparent Musician Child Adult Adulterer Conformist Family-man Player Officer Dictator

Role Categories Reciprocal Roles = Are corresponding roles that define the patterns of interaction between related statuses. A role that cannot be acted out without a corresponding role. Doctor/patient Role set = Set of roles in one status Role conflict = conflict between fulfilling the role expectations of two statuses. Role expectation = Behavior society has determined a person performing a role is expected to have. Role performance = actual role behavior. May not match society’s expectations. Role strain = when it is difficult to meet the role expectations of one status.

How have the roles of wife and mother changed over the years? THOUGHTS TO PONDER How have the roles of wife and mother changed over the years? Write down the future statuses you intend to have. What behaviors will these roles entail? Do you already exhibit these behaviors in any of your current roles? How does culture affect our roles?

CULTURAL DIFFUSION The spreading or borrowing of culture traits List traits that Americans have borrowed from other cultures Are there any traits that Americans have given to other cultures?

Borrowed or Given?

Borrowed or Given?

Borrowed or Given? Language?

Subculture A group within a society which shares values, norms and objects which are not shared by the larger society.

Subculture Categories Occupation Nationality Region Age Peer group Religion - Activities

Material Culture Tangible objects within a culture. Meaning is assigned to these objects by people within the culture. Examples?

Material Culture

LIST SOME MATERIAL ASPECTS OF CULTURE HOW ABOUT OF THESE SUBCULTURES TEENS BASEBALL SOUTHERNERS UNITED STATES

To which subculture do these material aspect of culture belong?

Countercultures are different… These subcultures have values, norms and lifestyles in opposition to the mainstream or established culture Examples?

Countercultures

CULTURAL UNIVERSALS According to George Murdock, an anthropologist in the 1940’s, there are over 60 cultural universals, features common to all cultures.

EXAMPLES OF CULTURAL UNIVERSALS COOKING FEASTING TOOLMAKING BODY ADORNMENT RELIGION MYTHS AND FOLKLORE SPORTS EDUCATION FORMS OF GREETING MEDICINE DANCING FAMILY HOUSING MUSIC FUNERAL CEREMONIES GIFT GIVING LANGUAGE

PIECING IT ALL TOGETHER SOCIETY CULTURE COUNTER-CULTURES SUB-CULTURES Going against mainstream culture Within a culture SYMBOLS VALUES Mores, Folkways, Norms LANGUAGE ROLES/STATUS Social Control SANCTIONS REWARDS, PUNISHMENTS INSTITUTIONS