Set up notes Cornell style 7 August 2018 The Puritans Do Now: Set up notes Cornell style EQ: What are the Puritan beliefs? How do they impact American Culture? Agenda: Notes on the Puritans Notes on annotation

Directions Pay special attention to the bolded BLUE words Keep track of these notes – you will need this information later! Mrs. Jones will tell you what to write word for word

PURITANISM was a RELIGIOUS GROUP which came into existence in the 16th century in England. The Puritans were one branch of DISSENTERS who decided that the Church of England was “beyond reform”. TO ESCAPE PERSECUTION from church leadership and the King, they CAME TO AMERICA. The first group CAME IN THE MAYFLOWER and was included with the group called Pilgrims. They left England determined to build A PERFECT MORAL SOCIETY in America. Most of the Puritans SETTLED IN THE NEW ENGLAND area.

New World—New Beginning City upon a Hill Theory: New MA Colony would be a place of complete reform God would be found in scripture and a stern work ethic

They wanted to "PURIFY" THE CHURCH and their own lives. They believed that the BIBLE WAS God's true LAW, and that it provided a plan for living. GOD was at the forefront of their minds, He MOTIVATED ALL OF THEIR ACTIONS. Because of their views, PURITANS WERE frequently PERSECUTED and many fled to other countries - such as America - where they could both escape this persecution and set up their own ideal societies.

Puritan Goals, Practices & Beliefs Membership was limited to the “visibly godly” Those who lead sober (moderate), upright lives Strict standards for admission to their churches Each person applying for membership had to testify publicly to his/her experience of conversion

The doctrine (code or belief) of PREDESTINATION kept all Puritans constantly working to do good in this life to be chosen for the next eternal one. PREDESTINATION = God had ALREADY CHOSEN WHO WOULD BE IN HEAVEN OR HELL, and each believer had no way of knowing which group they were in – but if you sinned, you’d lose your spot. They felt that HARD WORK was an honor to God and WOULD LEAD TO a prosperous reward (HEAVEN). Those who were WEALTHY WERE OBVIOUSLY BLESSED BY GOD and were in good standing with Him.

Was Predestination Unfair? God was a distinctly undemocratic sort of deity God offered no incentive for upright moral behavior Calvinist theology denied human beings any free will BUT……….

Puritan Goals, Practices & Beliefs Sought to cleanse culture of corrupt, sinful practices Believed civil government should strictly enforce public morality by prohibiting vices Wished to purge (cleanse) churches of every vestige of Roman Catholic ritual and practice

So Why Did So Many Believe? Was a “comfortable doctrine” If you believed yourself “saved” Changes of 15th and 16th centuries were unsettling and people needed: Social order Intellectual and moral certainty Spiritual consolation

RELIGIOUS EXCLUSIVENESS was the foremost principle of their society RELIGIOUS EXCLUSIVENESS was the foremost principle of their society. PEOPLE OF OPPOSING VIEWS WERE ASKED TO LEAVE the community. They believed that God could forgive anything, but MAN COULD FORGIVE ONLY BY SEEING A CHANGE IN BEHAVIOR. Actions spoke louder than words, so ACTIONS HAD TO BE CONSTANTLY CONTROLLED. Anyone straying from the Puritan way of life met with STRICT DISCIPLINE. There was no margin for error. CHURCH ELDERS WERE ALSO POLITICAL LEADERS, any church infraction was also a crime against the government. Puritans believed that THE DEVIL WALKED THE EARTH and that HE WAS BEHIND EVERY EVIL DEED. CONSTANT WATCH needed to be kept OVER OTHER MEMBERS OF SOCIETY in order to stay away from his clutches. People were ENCOURAGED by the church TO SPY ON THEIR NEIGHBORS

All forms of ENTERTAINMENT were BANNED in their in Puritan society Puritanism has become famous for its OPPOSITION TO ALL FORMS OF ENTERTAINMENT - especially gambling and drinking, but also reading, music and dancing. These attitudes, together with the banning of the wearing of jewelry and other items of fashion, have given the Puritans a REPUTATION FOR BEING PRUDISH AND 'KILL-JOYS'. READING OF THE BIBLE was necessary to living a pious life and CHILDREN WERE QUIZZED on the Bible at school and at home. All forms of ENTERTAINMENT were BANNED in their in Puritan society Drama and books led to “immorality” Music created a "dreamy" state that blocked out the voice of God. The only ACCEPTABLE FORMS OF ENTERTAINMENT: reading THE BIBLE and writing POETRY – always RELIGIOUS in content.

New Englanders and the “World of Wonder” Both the ordinary and the educated believed in: Witches Power of Satan to assume visible form Foretelling power of dreams and portents (omens/signs) Strange prodigies “Monstrous” births Miraculous deliverances

Puritans - Education Strong belief in education was established to read Bible First public school founded in 1635 Harvard College became an icon for educating ministers 1647: Act passed ensured every town (of 100+ population) would attend grammar school for free

American National Identity: What do we take away from the Puritans, Planters and Pilgrims? Independence Patriotism Industry Practicality (common sense) Tolerance Sense of justice *All developing as the villages/colonies changed politically and religiously

American National Identity: What do we take away from the Puritans, Planters and Pilgrims? Were first to build upon idea of the American Dream Idea that a new path could be forged and goals attained Inherited emphasis on Hard work Strong sense of religion Duty to country Freedom from oppression

This is a topic we will continue to explore this quarter. The Point? These people left a lasting impression on America, and the American way of life. This is a topic we will continue to explore this quarter.

“Puritan” Literature that we will read… Anne Bradstreet (two poems) * actual Puritan Johnathan Edwards (one sermon) * actual Puritan Nathanial Hawthorne (a short story and a novel) * not a Puritan, but wrote about them Arthur Miller (a play) * not a Puritan, but wrote about them

7 Steps of Annotation Step 1 –Cold read Step 2 – Re-read the text and identify confusing parts or difficult vocab and circle them Step 3 – Look up the vocab or clarify the confusing parts Step 4 – Find the thesis and highlight it yellow Step 5 – Find where the author provides evidence to support his thesis and highlight it green Step 6 – Write comments in the margins next to every green highlight – explain to your self why you chose to make it green. Step 7 – Summarize what you’ve annotated into your own words (at the bottom of the page is fine, or on a separate sheet of paper)

After the notes In the margin write 5 questions [create these on your OWN] Summary section 3 sentence summary at the end of EACH page