Daily Starter How is it that Fluorine can replace Hydrogen in pharmaceuticals and anesthetics?

Intro to Acids & Bases Definitions Properties Uses

Arrhenius Acids and Bases Svante Arrhenius, a Swedish chemist (1859 – 1927) Understood that acids and bases conducted electric current Therefore, he theorized that acids and bases must produce ions in solution

Arrhenius Acids Arrhenius acid – chemical compound that increases the concentration of Hydrogen ions, [H+] (a.k.a. proton) In other words, an acid will ionize in solution to increase the number of protons (H+)

HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl– A. Definitions Acids Ionize (to separate into ions) to form hydronium ions (H3O+) in water HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl–

Arrhenius Bases An Arrhenius base is a substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions [OH- ] in aqueous solution In other words, a base will increase the number of OH- ions

NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH- A. Definitions Bases Dissociate or ionize to form hydroxide ions (OH-) in water NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH-

Bronsted-Lowrey Acids & Bases Bronsted-Lowrey Acid: molecule or ion that is a proton donor Bronsted-Lowrey Base: molecule or ion that is a proton acceptor

A. Definitions Indicator substance that changes color in an acid or base Examples: litmus - red/blue phenolphthalein - colorless/pink goldenrod - yellow/red red cabbage juice - pink/green

B. Properties ACIDS BASES sour taste corrosive electrolytes turn litmus red react with metals to form H2 gas bitter taste corrosive electrolytes turn litmus blue slippery feel

C. Uses ACIDS H3PO4 - soft drinks, fertilizer, detergents H2SO4 - fertilizer, car batteries HCl - gastric juice HC2H3O2 - vinegar

C. Uses BASES NaOH - lye, drain and oven cleaner Mg(OH)2 - laxative, antacid NH3 - cleaners, fertilizer