Chapter 4 Electrons as Waves Section 2 The Quantum Model of the Atom Chapter 4 Electrons as Waves Electrons, like light waves, can undergo diffraction and interference. Diffraction - bending of a wave as it passes by the edge of an object or through a small opening. Interference occurs when waves overlap.

The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Section 2 The Quantum Model of the Atom Chapter 4 The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Heisenberg uncertainty principle - it is impossible to determine simultaneously both the position and velocity of an electron or any other particle.

The Schrödinger Wave Equation Section 2 The Quantum Model of the Atom Chapter 4 The Schrödinger Wave Equation Quantum theory describes mathematically the wave properties of electrons and other very small particles. Orbital - three-dimensional region around the nucleus that indicates the probable location of an electron.

Atomic Orbitals and Quantum Numbers Section 2 The Quantum Model of the Atom Chapter 4 Atomic Orbitals and Quantum Numbers Quantum numbers specify the properties of atomic orbitals and the properties of electrons in orbitals. Principal quantum number (n) - indicates the main energy level occupied by the electron. Angular momentum quantum number (l) - indicates the shape of the orbital.

Atomic Orbitals and Quantum Numbers Section 2 The Quantum Model of the Atom Chapter 4 Atomic Orbitals and Quantum Numbers Magnetic quantum number (m) - indicates the orientation of an orbital around the nucleus. Spin quantum number - has only two possible values—(+1/2 , 1/2)—which indicate the two fundamental spin states of an electron in an orbital.

Shapes of s, p, and d Orbitals Section 2 The Quantum Model of the Atom Chapter 4 Shapes of s, p, and d Orbitals

Electrons Accommodated in Energy Levels and Sublevels Section 2 The Quantum Model of the Atom Chapter 4 Electrons Accommodated in Energy Levels and Sublevels

Electrons Accommodated in Energy Levels and Sublevels Section 2 The Quantum Model of the Atom Chapter 4 Electrons Accommodated in Energy Levels and Sublevels

Quantum Numbers of the First 30 Atomic Orbitals Section 2 The Quantum Model of the Atom Chapter 4 Quantum Numbers of the First 30 Atomic Orbitals