Marine Biodiversity, Biogeography, Deep-Sea Gradients, and Conservation  Mark J. Costello, Chhaya Chaudhary  Current Biology  Volume 27, Issue 11, Pages R511-R527 (June 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.04.060 Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Depth gradients of ocean area, volume and seabed slope. Relationship of ocean depth (m) with sea surface area (green line, millions of km2), ocean volume (dashed blue line, millions of km3), seabed slope (red line, degrees), and the standard deviation of slope (dotted line) as an index of topographic variation. Data from Costello et al. [5]. Current Biology 2017 27, R511-R527DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2017.04.060) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Marine species richness, temperature and productivity. Maps of the relative richness of species in the oceans (A,B), and average annual sea temperature (C) and productivity (D). To minimise sampling effort bias, Estimated Species richness (ES50) was calculated, as the number of species in 50 random samples in (A) each 5o latitude-longitude cell derived from a dataset of 65,000 species distributions from OBIS in 2009 where species names were validated against WoRMS, and (B) equal area hexagons from 51,670 species from OBIS in 2015 [13]. Map colours: (A) red=more, green=less, with values interpolated as contours; (B) dark= more, yellow=less, with actual values per hexagon (A,B) white=insufficient data; (C) sea surface temperature and (D) chlorophyll production in the oceans [267];dark red=more and dark blue=less. Current Biology 2017 27, R511-R527DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2017.04.060) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Depth gradients of species diversity and sea temperature. Species richness calculated for each 50,000 km2 hexagrid in the depth range 0–500 m (intervals of 100) and 500–9,000 m (intervals of 500), for the (top left) number of species recorded, (top right) average (±95% CI) number of species (alpha diversity), (bottom left) total number of species (gamma diversity), and (bottom right) ES50 (±95% CI) which accounts for sampling effort. The lower graph shows the temperature gradient, with depth as minimum (dashed line), standard deviation (dotted line), mean (blue line), maximum (red line) and range (solid line). Current Biology 2017 27, R511-R527DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2017.04.060) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Comparison between estimates of global marine species richness. Comparison between estimates of how many marine species may exist between number of accepted species (blue squares), statistical extrapolation of rates of description (circles show upper and lower confidence limits), and expert estimates (red diamonds for upper and lower estimates where available) (data from [15]). Current Biology 2017 27, R511-R527DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2017.04.060) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions