Transpacific satellite and aircraft observations of Asian pollution: An Integration of MOPITT and TRACE-P Colette L. Heald, Daniel J. Jacob, Arlene M. Fiore, Louisa Emmons, John C. Gille, Glen W. Sachse, Edward V. Browell, Melody A. Avery, Stephanie A. Vay, James H. Crawford, David J. Westberg, Donald R.Blake, Hanwant B.Singh, Scott T. Sandholm, Robert W. Talbot, Henry E. Fuelberg NASA Aura Meeting March 19, 2003 Heald et al., submitted JGR.

TRACE-P Aircraft Mission (Spring 2001) CO Observations Inverse Model (Palmer et al.) Model Error Quantification Chemical Forecast (Bey et al.) CO Emissions BOTTOM-UP EMISSIONS Asian export fluxes Transpacific pollution transport Global Asian influence (JGR Special Section) (Streets et al.; Heald et al.) CTM (GEOS-CHEM)

Integration of Aircraft and Satellite Observations TRACE-P MOPITT validation (D. J. Jacob tomorrow) MOPITT CO Observations Inverse Model (Palmer et al.) Model Error Quantification Chemical Forecast (Bey et al.) CO Emissions BOTTOM-UP EMISSIONS Asian export fluxes Transpacific pollution transport Global Asian influence (JGR Special Section) (Streets et al.; Heald et al.) CTM (GEOS-CHEM)

MOPITT: Satellite observations of tropospheric CO Launched: Dec. 1999 aboard EOS-Terra (polar orbit, ~3 days for global coverage) Designed to measure: columns of CO and CH4 and profiles of CO Resolution = 22 km x 22 km Detection of CO: 4 thermal emission (4.6 mm) and 2 solar reflected (2.3 mm) Sample Avgker over NH Pacific Averaging kernel (A) describes the relative weighting of the ‘true’ mixing ratio (x) at each level to the retrieved value (x) Averaging kernels are extremely variable Retrievals are not very sensitive to vertical (degrees of freedom for signal = 1.2) One global a priori (xa) ^

MOPITT and GEOS-CHEM during TRACE-P (Feb 20-Apr 10, 2001) Slope: 0.9678 Model is high (avg=18%) over SE Asia BB too high (or too much convection?)

Caution: Model comparison with MOPITT is sensitive to the vertical distribution of CO Question: Can the CO in GEOS-CHEM be redistributed such that the retrieved MOPITT CO and model (with averaging kernel applied) agree? Test case: Feb. 23, 2001 (15.6°N, 102.7°E) Model MOPITT Model overestimates at all altitudes Apply this shape factor to correct for an overly-convective model to “raw” model profile (conserves total column) Model and MOPITT agree!

TRACE-P plume: Feb. 22-27, 2001 Aircraft observations during outbound trans-Pacific TRACE-P flights observed elevated levels of CO (and O3) O3 CO A C B D E

Transport and Chemical Evolution of Plume: Feb. 22-27, 2001 Origin: Warm Conveyor Belt over Asia Northern plume (observed at A) sees no O3 enhancement. Southern plume (observed at D and E) subsides, leads to PAN decomposition and O3 production ECMWF Evolution: Split by blocking high pressure H

MOPITT observations of the Plume (Feb. 22-27, 2001) Asian pollution exported via cold front Plume encounters a blocking H Pressure System and splits Elevated CO reaches North America Southern branch at low latitudes produces O3 Total column CO

Transpacific Transport during TRACE-P MOPITT: solid Model: dotted 4 trans-Pacific events reached North America during TRACE-P

Applying MOPITT to ITCT-2K2 (Spring 2002) NOAA ITCT-2K2 Aircraft Mission: based out of Monterey, CA Cheeka Peak OUTFLOW FROM ASIA Trinidad Head Monterey Pre-anomaly 3 channels: 1, 3, 7 ds=1.21 Post-anomaly 2 channels: 5, 7 ds=1.15 May 7, 2001 Dec 1999 Present TRACE-P (Feb-Apr 2001) ITCT (Apr-May 2002)

MOPITT and GEOS-CHEM during ITCT (April 20 - May 20, 2002) Slope: 0.81 with R.C. Hudman, Harvard

Contrast: MOPITT observations during TRACE-P and ITCT MOPITT ITCT MOPITT TRACE-P GEOS-CHEM (ITCT-TRACE-P) MOPITT (ITCT-TRACE-P) Similar Patterns!