Pinel 1793 Dementia, Idiocy, Mania, Melancholia

On Fantasy Dementia, Mania, Melancolia Vincenzo Chiarugi Empoli 1759 - Firenze 1820 On Fantasy Dementia, Mania, Melancolia דר' פלד – מרכז בה"ן שער מנשה

Morel DEMENTIA PRAECOX Young male becomes demented dysfunctional Hecker HEBEPHRENIA Young male, disorganized restless loose associations Fragmented experiences Kalbaum CATATONIA Signs of motor abnormalities freezing, waxy-flexibility

Manic depressive psychosis Paranoia (today delusional) 1900 KRAEPLIN Dementia praecox Manic depressive psychosis Paranoia (today delusional) Based on prognosis medical model Based on prognosis

Mental disorganization  BLEULER 1920 Mental disorganization Affect Associations Ambivalence Autism 4 A’s Schizophrenia Schizo - Prenus

First Rank Symptoms of Schizophrenia DELUSIONAL PERCEPTION. AUDITORY HALLUCINATIONS. DELUSIONS OF THOUGHT INTERFERENCE. PASSIVITY PHENOMENON OR DELUSIONS OF CONTROL.

- + Hallucinations Loosening Delusions restlessness Positive symptoms  BLEULER 1920 Mental disorganization Affect Associations Ambivalence Autism 4 A’s Schizophrenia Schizo - Prenus Hallucinations Loosening Delusions restlessness Poverty thought Perseverations Avolition + - Positive symptoms 1900 KRAEPLIN Dementia praecox Based on prognosis Negative symptoms Function Age 18

What Causes Schizophrenia ?

Henri Laborit 1914-1995

+ + - -

Ego Letters, the project Theodore Meynert (1833-1892) Carl Wernicke (1848-1905) Letters, the project

Gregory Bateson (9 May 1904 – 4 July 1980)

Lyman C Wynne

Ego Letters, the project Theodore Meynert (1833-1892) Carl Wernicke (1848-1905) Letters, the project

Disconnection Syndrome Psychosis The associations of an adult ego could be temporarily or permanently weakened, with a similar result of random or confused thought processes. … resulting in psychotic states. Theodore Meynert (1833-1892) Disconnection Syndrome Psychosis

Disconnection Syndrome Theodore Meynert (1833-1892) Aberrant frontal and temporal complex network structure in schizophrenia: a graph theoretical analysis. J Neurosci. 2010 Nov 24;30(47):15915-26. van den Heuvel MP, Mandl RC, Stam CJ, Kahn RS, Hulshoff Pol HE our findings suggest that schizophrenia patients have a less strongly globally integrated structural brain network with a reduced central role for key frontal hubs, resulting in a limited structural capacity to integrate information across brain regions Yu Q, Sui J, Rachakonda S, He H, Pearlson G, Calhoun VD. Altered small-world brain networks in temporal lobe in patients with schizophrenia performing an auditory oddball task. Front Syst Neurosci. 2011 Feb 8;5:7. Pettersson-Yeo W, Allen P, Benetti S, McGuire P, Mechelli A. Dysconnectivity in schizophrenia: Where are we now? Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2011 Apr;35(5):1110-24.Review Guye M, Bettus G, Bartolomei F, Cozzone PJ. Theoretical analysis of structural and functional connectivity MRI in normal and pathological brain networks. MAGMA. 2010 Dec;23(5-6):409-21. Epub 2010 Mar 27.Graph Bassett DS, Bullmore E, Verchinski BA, Mattay VS, Weinberger DR, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Hierarchical organization of human cortical networks in health and schizophrenia. J Neurosci. 2008 Sep 10;28(37):9239-48. Bodnar M, Harvey PO, Malla AK, Joober R, Lepage M. The parahippocampal gyrus as a neural marker of early remission in first-episode psychosis: a voxel-based morphometry study. Clin Schizophr Relat Psychoses. 2011 Jan;4(4):217-28. Jones MW. Errant ensembles: dysfunctional neuronal network dynamics in schizophrenia. Biochem Soc Trans. 2010 Apr;38(2):516-21. Review Psychosis Disconnection Syndrome

Giulio Tononi Order Randomness Complexity Neural Complexity Disconnection dynamics Over-connection dynamics 32

Hopfield type architecture

Formulate brain dynamics as a physical state-space dynamic system

Psychological Event Computational Psychiatry Biological Biological Event

Computational Psychiatry Biological Explanatory Power

Cs connectivity segregation All of the various brain disturbances are mapped onto a 9 axis profile “the Clinical Brain Profile (CBP) Cs Ci Htd Hbu D O CF CF(b) DMN Clinical Brain Profiling (CBP) Cs connectivity segregation Optimal brain Disturbance to plasticity and Optimization Ci connectivity integration Htd Hierarchal top down shift Hbu Hierarchal Bottom-up insufficiency D De-optimization O Hyper- optimization CF Constrain Frustration CF(b) Constrain Bound Default Mode Network to connectivity

Clinician User Integrated Brain Profiler User report User report Sensors Extract Phenomenology EEG Brain Imaging Synchronize Clinician report

tACS Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation