Figure 4 Cardiology is replete with examples of fractal structures

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Advertisements

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Figure 1 Lung and pleural ultrasonography

Figure 10 Assessment of myocardial fibrosis

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Figure 2 Different manifestations of myocardial ischaemia

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Figure 4 BMI and mortality in patients with heart failure

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Figure 1 Mechanisms of metastatic growth in the heart

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Figure 3 Global rates of sodium, fruit, and vegetable intake

Figure 1 Anatomy of the femoral artery

Figure 3 Ischaemic outcomes in the ST-segment elevation myocardial

Figure 2 Size categorization of airborne pollutants

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Figure 2 Three-year survival rates on the basis of body composition

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Figure 3 Traditional geometry and spatial fractals

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Figure 6 Pharmacodynamic profile of switching between clopidogrel and ticagrelor therapy: results from the RESPOND study Figure 6| Pharmacodynamic profile.

Figure 2 Ischaemic and bleeding outcomes in the major clinical trials

Figure 2 Imaging of atherosclerotic plaque burden

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Figure 1 Health-care system today

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Figure 1 Cardiovascular risk and disease across the life-course

Figure 1 Decision tree integrating the assessment,

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Figure 3 Neural crest cell migration

Figure 2 Global cost of HF per capita in 2012

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Figure 1 Milestones in coronary angioplasty

Figure 3 Challenges for big data applications in cardiovascular care

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Figure 4 Gross and histopathological characteristics of cardiac myxoma

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Figure 3 Effects of cardiovascular medication on the fetus

Figure 2 Absolute difference in seasonal peak

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Figure 4 Observational studies on multiple treatment strategies

Figure 2 Developmental and alternative sources of fibroblasts

Figure 5 Bioresorbable vascular scaffold apposition and strut coverage

Figure 12 Cardiac gossypiboma

Figure 6 The neurogenic components of angina

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Figure 4 Electrocardiogram patterns associated with Brugada syndrome

Figure 1 Platelet receptors and available pharmaceutical options

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Figure 2 Impaired mitochondrial capacity and function in heart failure

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Figure 1 Examples of natural fractal phenomena

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Presentation transcript:

Figure 4 Cardiology is replete with examples of fractal structures Figure 4 | Cardiology is replete with examples of fractal structures. a | The coronary arterial tree is an example of a space-filling fractal network. The fractal branching of the coronary vasculature of a mouse heart at embryonic day 18.5 is shown here as a 3D composite image derived by high-resolution episcopic microscopy. Image reprinted courtesy of NIMR, MRC/Wellcome Images [B0007341]. b | Fractal patterning is seen in this confocal micrograph of cardiac muscle stained for mitochondria. Image reprinted courtesy of NIMR, MRC/Wellcome Images [B0006854]. c | Aspirin, the most iconic cardiovascular drug has a beautiful crystalline structure of fractal complexity. Image reprinted courtesy of Annie Cavanagh/Wellcome Images [B0006216]. Image reprinted courtesy of Annie Cavanagh/Wellcome Images [B0006216] Captur, G. et al. (2016) The fractal heart — embracing mathematics in the cardiology clinic Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2016.161