Getting rid of metabolic wastes! The Excretory System Getting rid of metabolic wastes! Brainpop video https://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/urinarysystem/

Excretory System: sugar O2 nutrients Function: Removal of metabolic waste products (ex. Water, CO2, salts, and urea) from an organism B. Comparing Multicellular & Unicellular Organisms Life Process : excretion Cell Organelle(s): vacuole, cell membrane (Wastes and CO2 diffuse out of cells) O2 sugar nutrients CO2 urea

C. Excretory organs 1. LUNGS: Rids body of CO2 2.LIVER Recycling of red blood cells, production of urea Urea is made from the breakdown of proteins (amino acids) Detoxification- Chemical poisons made harmless 3. SKIN: largest gland contains sweat glands & regulates body temperature through perspiration Rids body of excess water, salt (SWEAT), and some urea

4. The Urinary (excretory) System: (Organ & Functions) Kidneys (renal infers to anything having to do with the kidney): filter wastes out of blood to make urine maintain water balance & blood pH b) Ureters: tubes that carry urine to the bladder c) urinary bladder: Stores urine d) urethra: tube where urine exits the body

Kidney Structure Renal Artery: Blood carrying wastes enters the kidneys Renal Vein: “clean” blood (no wastes) leaves the kidneys to re-circulate around the body Renal Cortex: Outer portion Renal Medulla: “Corn” shaped inner portion Nephrons: Functional unit of the kidneys! Lie between cortex and medulla – there are Millions of them filter the blood, return useful substances to the blood and collect urine.

Structure of the Kidneys Section 38-3 Kidney Nephron Cortex Medulla Renal artery Renal vein Ureter To the bladder Bowman’s capsule Glomerulus Capillaries Collecting duct To the ureter Loop of Henle Artery Vein

D. SYSTEMS WORKING WITH SYSTEMS TO MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS The excretory system works with the: 1. Circulatory system: Describe relationship : the blood carries (transports) wastes to the kidneys to be removed; it returns the cleaned blood back to the body   2. Respiratory system: Describe relationship :the lungs excrete CO2 - one of the waste products of cell respiration

E. Excretory Homeostasis Disorders Gout: Caused by deposits of uric acid in joints. Suffer from stiffness and pain in joints. Common with high protein diets. 2. Kidney Stones: caused by a calcium buildup in kidneys due to improper diet. Painful when in the ureter. May need surgery if stone is too large. 3. Cirrhosis: Occurs when too much alcohol is consumed. Liver needs to work extra hard to metabolize alcohol. By products of alcohol (fats) accumulate in liver which causes scarring. Liver may shut down and homeostasis can no longer be maintained

Blood in tubing flows through dialysis fluid  Kidney Dialysis Blood in tubing flows through dialysis fluid Blood pump Vein Artery Shunt Used dialysis fluid Air detector Dialysis machine Fresh dialysis fluid Compressed air Filters (cleans) blood because the kidneys cannot