Chemical Bonding Ionic Compounds

Lewis Structures Ionic – show transfer of e-

Things to know about Ionic Ionic compounds are made up of? The electrons are being? What is written first? Opposite charges will?

How to write a formula S.O.C.S Ionic Formulas Overall net charge must equal zero. S.O.C.S Symbols -> Oxidation # -> Crisscross -> Simplify Don’t show charges in the final formula.

Writing Formula Practice Potassium Chloride K+ Cl-  KCl Aluminum Bromide Al+3 Br-  AlBr3 Beryllium Sulfide Be+2 S-2  BeS = Reduce

How to Name an Ionic Compound Ionic Nomenclature How to Name an Ionic Compound Write the name of the Cation (Metal) first. It comes straight off the periodic table. Change ending of the Anion (Nonmetal) to end in -ide.

Naming Practice Al2O3 Aluminum Oxide CaS Calcium Sulfide Na3P Sodium Phosphide

Polyatomic Ions When you have a compound that involves more than 2 elements, you must look at a Polyatomic Chart for help. When writing formulas, keep these ions in parentheses These ions will also have different endings (-ate) (-ite) Helpful for determining between individual atoms and polyatomic ions

Writing a Formula You need to determine if a Polyatomic Ion is present! Look at the ending of the name (-ATE) or (-ITE) What are some exceptions??? What if the ending is (-IDE)? What will you do then?

Writing Polyatomics Potassium Nitrate KNO3 Aluminum Sulfide Al2S3 Barium Phosphite Ba3(PO3)2 Calcium Hydroxide (careful with this) Ca(OH)2

Naming Polyatomics Look for more than two elements. That means a Polyatomic is present. Match up the polyatomics and write the correct names and ending straight from the chart.

Practice w/ Polyatomics CaSO4 Calcium Sulfate Ga(IO3)3 Gallium Iodate

Writing with Transitions When a Transition metal is involved in the bond, you must identify which form of the atom is bonding. These atoms can have different oxidation numbers. Look for the Roman Numeral in the name when writing the formula. The Roman numeral is the oxidation number of the transition metal.

Practice Writing Transitions Copper (II) Fluoride CuF2 Zinc (I) Phosphate Zn3PO4 Nickel (IV) Oxide NiO2 (Simplified formula)

Naming Transitions When Naming the compound, you must balance the total charge, must be zero! Look at the Anion. Determine the total sum of the charge provided by the Anion. Look at the Cation. Remembering that the sum of the ionic compound must equal zero, determine the positive charge, and roman numeral.

Au2S Gold(I) Sulfide Co2O3 Cobalt(III) Oxide AgN Silver(III) Nitride Practice Naming Trans Au2S Gold(I) Sulfide Co2O3 Cobalt(III) Oxide AgN Silver(III) Nitride

Molecular Nomenclature Prefix System (binary compounds) Recognize these because they’re made up of 2 nonmetals. Where are nonmetals found??? Add prefixes to indicate # of atoms. 3. Change the ending of the second element to -ide.

C. Molecular Nomenclature PREFIX mono- di- tri- tetra- penta- hexa- hepta- octa- nona- deca- NUMBER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Special Rules with Mono If there is only one of the first element, then the prefix mono is not used. If there is only one of the second element, then the prefix mono is necessary. Ex. CO – Carbon Monoxide CO2 – Carbon Dioxide C2O – Dicarbon Monoxide

Also…. CI2 - Carbon Diiodide N3O6 - Trinitrogen Hexaoxide There is no reducing for covalent compounds. What you see is what you get. If you reduced, you would change the chemical formula and ratio of the elements in the bond….Not good…. C2I4 - Dicarbon Tetraiodide CI2 - Carbon Diiodide N3O6 - Trinitrogen Hexaoxide NO2 - Nitrogen Dioxide

C. Molecular Nomenclature CCl4 N2O SF6 carbon tetrachloride dinitrogen monoxide sulfur hexafluoride

C. Molecular Nomenclature arsenic trichloride dinitrogen pentoxide tetraphosphorus decoxide AsCl3 N2O5 P4O10

C. Molecular Nomenclature The Seven Diatomic Elements I2 Br2 Cl2 F2 O2 N2 H2 H N O F Cl Br I