“A Closer Look” Embryology in the Classroom Embryonic Development

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Presentation transcript:

“A Closer Look” Embryology in the Classroom Embryonic Development Series for: Embryology in the Classroom “A Closer Look” Embryonic Development By: Phillip J. Clauer Senior Extension Associate 4-H Youth and Specialty Poultry The Pennsylvania State University

Embryo Development and Observation This PDF PowerPoint should help you learn: How the embryo develops What the developing embryo looks like What to observe at the various stages of development

It Starts With Quality Fertile Eggs Proven Egg Source Proper Collection and Storage Techniques 45-55 degrees F. 70 percent humidity 7 days maximum Other Factors Nutrition & age of birds Consider Sampling Fertility Chicken Eggs are best for school projects

Fertile or Not Fertile? Fertile Not Fertile Darker outer circle Solid white spot

Function of Each Embryonic Membrane Yolk Sac Food Amnion Protection Exercise Chorion/Allantois Respiration Handles Waste Minerals from shell

Embryonic Development Day One Development of Pellucida and Opaca Appearance of Blood Island Day Two – Blood vessels appear on yolk sac

3 Day Embryo Heart Visible Vertebrae Column - Question Mark Shape Amnion Complete Brain and Head Visible

4 & 5 Day Embryo Embryo is completely separate from yolk sac – Amnion clearly visible Formation of reproductive organs by 5th day - Sexual Division

6 Day Embryo Voluntary movement begins Everything is present Organs Main division of limbs Beak and egg tooth starts

7 to 9 Day Embryo Abdomen more prominent because of viscera development Feathers begin to form Mouth opening appears Embryo looks like a bird by ninth day

10 to 13 Day Embryo Beak and bones begin to harden Skin pores visible Digits completely separated Egg very full and air cell is larger

13 to 17 Day Embryo Scales, claws, and feathers visible Small intestine taken into body Begins to prepare for hatching

15 to 19 Day Embryo After 15 days, it is very hard to observe the embryo by candling

18 to 20 Day Embryo Growth complete Yolk sac is drawn into body cavity Embryo becomes a chick when it Breaks the amnion Internal Pip (Into air cell) Starts breathing

19 to 20 Day Embryo Can observe chick inside air cell once they pip through the inner shell membranes and take first breath.

Day 20 1 2 3 Something Happens

21 Days The Chick Hatches

Observe the Egg Tooth It is only there for first 12 to 24 hours.

How to Sex Chicks Sex-linked genes are used in some strains of chickens to make sexing easier. Feather Sexing Female feathers longer Plumage Color Males and females different colors Vent Sexing is very difficult.

Feather Sexing

National 4-H Embryology site: http://4Hembryology.psu.edu

Contact Information: Phillip J. Clauer Department of Poultry Science 225 Henning Building University Park, PA 16802-3501 814-863-8960 (office) 814-865-5691 (fax) E-mail: pclauer@psu.edu Web sites: http://poultryextension.psu.edu