Protists The first Eukaryotes

Protist Characteristics 1) Domain: Eukarya (have a nucleus) 2) Most are unicellular 3) None have true tissues (so not plant, animal or fungi) 4) Animal-like, Plant-like or Fungus-like

Animal like Protists Called Protozoans Heterotrophs Lack cell walls and chloroplasts Can be grouped by locomotion

Locomotion of Animal-like Protists 1) ciliates: move by cilia 2) amoebozoans: move by pseudopods 3) flagellates: move by flagella 4) apicomplexans: non-motile (parasites)

Ciliates All have many short hair-like cilia Paramecium sp.

A) contractile vacuole B) food vacuole C) macronucleus D) micronucleus E) pellicle F) cilia G) oral groove H) gullet G H

In your jar….

Amoebozoans Move by flowing cytoplasm into projections of cell membrane called pseudopods false feet Example: Amoeba Not in ecojars

Amoeba Structures to know A) nucleus B) contractile vacuole C) food vacuole D) pseudopod B C A D

Animal-like Flagellates Move with few long hair-like structures No chloroplasts Trypanosoma sp. cause sleeping sickness Tsetse fly vector

Giardia…..hiker’s diarrhea

Apicomplexans All are Parasites Don’t move on their own Are carried by a vector Plasmodium sp. cause Malaria live inside human Red Blood Cells

Plant-like Protists Are photosynthetic & have chloroplasts May have accessory pigments that make them red, brown, or gold Unicellular types called phytoplankton plant floater Some are multicellular but lack tissues May have flagella

Euglenophyta Can do photosynthesis and act as heterotroph Green but lack cell wall Move with flagella Spinning motion Eyespot detects light

Euglena A) flagella B) eyespot C) chloroplast D) nucleus E) contractile vacuole A B E C D

Diatoms Golden-yellow Algae Unicellular 2 silica shells Important in phytoplankton food chain Move by squirting out water Diatomaceous earth

Dinoflagellates Some have armor-like plates Others are bioluminescent Dinoflagellate blooms: Caused by high N +P level May result in Red tide May result in Eutrophication p127

Chlorophyta Green algae (chlorophyll) Most similar to plants Unicellular …Desmids Multicellular…filamentous algae & volvox

Brown Algae Brown pigments absorb wavelengths of light that reach deeper into the water. Largest multicellular algae Sargassum kelp 

Sargasso Sea

Red Algae Red pigments absorb wavelengths of light even deeper in the water. (green & blue) Used to make thickeners & agar Multicellular

Fungus-like Protists Water molds Slime molds Major decomposers in forests and ponds