S. Hayashi, T. Nishiyama, Y. Miura, T. Fujishiro, N. Kanzaki, S

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DcR3 induces cell proliferation through MAPK signaling in chondrocytes of osteoarthritis S. Hayashi, T. Nishiyama, Y. Miura, T. Fujishiro, N. Kanzaki, S. Hashimoto, T. Matsumoto, M. Kurosaka, R. Kuroda Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Volume 19, Issue 7, Pages 903-910 (July 2011) DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2011.03.005 Copyright © 2011 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 (a) Expression levels of DcR3, Fas-L or Fas mRNA were quantified by realtime PCR. Expression ratios of DcR3, Fas or Fas-L (OA chondrocytes/Normal chondrocytes) are shown. Columns represent mean values with 95% CI. The results shown are the average of seven individual samples. Values were normalized to GAPDH expression. (b) Human Serum or joint fluid levels of DcR3 protein were measured by ELISA. Control sera was collected from 10 healthy subjects, OA sera and joint fluid were from 10 subjects with OA. Columns represent mean values with 95% CI. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2011 19, 903-910DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2011.03.005) Copyright © 2011 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 (a and b) Effect of hFas-L and DcR3-Fc protein for Fas-induced apoptosis of chondrocytes. (a) Columns represent mean values with 95% CI. Columns represent of TUNEL positive cells, at least 300cells were counted by a blinded observer in the same experiment. The results shown are the average of four individual samples. (b) Expressions of cleaved caspase 8 and PARP were analyzed by Western blotting. The results shown represent three independent experiments. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2011 19, 903-910DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2011.03.005) Copyright © 2011 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 (a) Effect of DcR3 on chondrocyte proliferation analyzed by WST assay. Chondrocytes were incubated with 5μg/ml of IgG-Fc or 1, 5μg/ml of DcR3-Fc for 48h. Columns show the ratio of OD 450nm value in comparison with untreated chondrocytes. The results shown are the average of four individual samples. Columns represent mean values with 95% CI. (b) Effect of DcR3-Fc for ERK, P38 MAPK, or JNK phosphorylation analyzed by Western blotting. Chondrocytes were incubated with 5μg/ml of DcR3-Fc or 5μg/ml of IgG-Fc for 0, 5, 10 and 30min. The results shown represent three independent experiments. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2011 19, 903-910DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2011.03.005) Copyright © 2011 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Effects of PD098059 (PD) and SB203580 (SB) against DcR3-induced proliferation of chondrocytes. (a) Chondrocyte proliferation was analyzed by WST assay. Chondrocytes were incubated with 5μg/ml of IgG-Fc, 5μg/ml of DcR3-Fc, 50μM of PD098059 (R&D) or 10μM of SB203580 (R&D) for 48h. In some cases, chondrocytes were pre-treated with 50μM of PD098059 or 10μM of SB203580 for 30min, and incubated with 5μg/ml of DcR3-Fc for 48h. Columns show the ratio of OD 450nm value in comparison with untreated chondrocytes. The results shown are the average of three individual samples. Columns represent mean values with 95% CI. (b) Phosphorylation of ERK was analyzed by Western blotting. Chondrocytes were incubated with 5μg/ml of IgG-Fc, 5μg/ml of DcR3-Fc, 50μM of PD098059 or 10μM of SB203580 for 10min. In some cases, chondrocytes were pre-treated with 50μM of PD098059 or 10μM of SB203580 for 30min, and incubated with 5μg/ml of DcR3-Fc for 10min. The results shown represent three independent experiments. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2011 19, 903-910DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2011.03.005) Copyright © 2011 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Effects of blocking antibody of Fas-L, LIGHT and TL1A for DcR3-induced chondrocytes proliferation. (a) Chondrocyte proliferation was analyzed by WST assay. Chondrocytes were pre-incubated with 100ng/ml of blocking antibody of Fas-L, 5μg/ml of blocking antibody of LIGHT and TL1A or 5μg/ml of IgG as control for 12h. After washing cells with PBS, chondrocytes were incubated with 5μg/ml of DcR3-Fc for 48h. Columns show the ratio of OD 450nm value in comparison with 5μg/ml of IgG pre-treatment. The results shown are the average of four individual samples. Columns represent mean values with 95% CI. (b) Phosphorylation of ERK was analyzed by Western blotting. After pre-incubation with IgG, blocking antibody of Fas-L, LIGHT and TL1A for 12h, chondrocytes were washed with PBS and incubated with 5μg/ml of DcR3-Fc for 0, 5, 10 and 30min. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2011 19, 903-910DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2011.03.005) Copyright © 2011 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Comparison of DcR3 effect on proliferation between OA and normal chondrocytes. Chondrocytes were incubated with 5μg/ml of IgG-Fc or DcR3-Fc for 48h. Chondrocytes proliferation was analyzed by WST assay. Columns show the ratio of OD 450nm value in comparison with untreated chondrocytes. White panels: Normal chondrocytes. Black panels: OA chondrocytes. The results shown are the average of four individual samples. Columns represent mean values with 95% CI. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2011 19, 903-910DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2011.03.005) Copyright © 2011 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions