The Reconceptualization of American Politics following Reconstruction

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Presentation transcript:

The Reconceptualization of American Politics following Reconstruction Gilded Age Politics The Reconceptualization of American Politics following Reconstruction

Politics Strong party loyalty Results: Highest levels of voter turnout in US history 60- 80%!!! Politics is entertainment! Few national issues, so that little separates them ideologically Issues center on government and economic problems, not social problems Especially after the Panic of 1873 (depression)

Politics Few national issues, so that little separates them ideologically Issues center on government and economic problems, not social problems Especially after the Panic of 1873 (depression) Republicans Pro business Democrats Pro labor/ small farmers

Republicans vs Democrats Republicans (largely) dominated national politics in the period Democrats (largely) dominated state and city governments Solid South- Later, Populist Party, a successful 3rd party

Monetary Policy (BIG after Panic of ‘73, Panic of ‘93) Silverites / Free Silver- The Gold Standard-

Civil Service Reform (BIG in election of ‘80) Spoils system- ’83 Pendelton Civil Service Act-

Business Regulation (BIG in election of ’84+ ) New Business Organizations- Monopoly- Trust- Corporation-

Business Regulation (BIG in election of ’84+ ) New Business Philosophies- Social Darwinism- Gospel of Wealth- Vertical/ horizontal integration- Collective bargaining-

Business Regulation (BIG in election of ’84+ ) Capitalism/ Laissez- faire- Interstate Commerce Commission (1887) Sherman Anti- Trust Act (1890)

Presidential politics Presidents- 1877- 1896 Not very popular Inactive Presidents/ Passive role- Let Congress do the work Just enforce the laws One term each Same party All but one were Republicans

Ulysses S. Grant- New York Reconstruction Panic of 1873 Scandals/ corruption 1869-1877

Rutherford B. Hayes- Ohio Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction Planned only for one term 1877-1881

James A. Garfield- Ohio 1881 2nd assassination Shot at DC train station by unhappy job seeker, died one month later Close election Attacked corruption and the spoils system in House of Reps 1881

Chester A. Arthur- New York 3rd VP to be Pres Pendelton Civil Service Act Oriental Exclusion Act of 1882- first federal immigration law 1881-1885

Grover Cleveland- New Jersey First non-consecutive two terms Only post-war Democrat in office ICC- 1st federal regulation of railroads Panic of 1893 20% unemployment Discouraged federal aid to farmers 1885-1889 1893-1897

Benjamin Harrison- Indiana Tariffs-- Record highs Sherman Anti Trust Law (1890) Pan Am Union- international cooperation (lost popular vote/ won the Electoral College!) 1889-1893

William McKinley- Ohio Annexed Hawaii Spanish-American War Another high tariff 3rd assassination @ Buffalo Expo by an anarchist, died 8 days later 1897-1901