100 100 90 90 80 80 6000 K 70 70 60 60 Emittance at 6000K (106 W m-2 μm-1) 50 Emittance at 288K (W m-2 μm-1) 50 40 40 30 30 288 K 20 20 10 10 0.1 1 10.

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Presentation transcript:

100 100 90 90 80 80 6000 K 70 70 60 60 Emittance at 6000K (106 W m-2 μm-1) 50 Emittance at 288K (W m-2 μm-1) 50 40 40 30 30 288 K 20 20 10 10 0.1 1 10 100 Wavelength (μm) Figure 3.1 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

Global Precipitation = Global Evaporation 496 100 km3 yr-1 Atmospheric Moisture 13 000 km3 (25 mm) Global Precipitation = Global Evaporation 496 100 km3 yr-1 (973 mm yr-1) Evaporation 71 400 km3 yr-1 Precipitation 111 100 km3 yr-1 Evaporation 424 700 km3 yr-1 Ice 27 820 000 km3 Precipitation 385 000 km3 yr-1 Runoff 39 700 km3 yr-1 Land 8 287 000 km3 Oceans 1 348 000 000 km3 Precipitation - Evaporation = -39 700 km3 yr-1 Units are cubic km of water or, in parentheses, mm of water spread over 510 million square kilometers surface area Figure 3.2 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

7000 40 6000 35 5000 30 4000 25 Vapor Pressure (Pa) Specific Humidity (g kg-1) 3000 20 15 2000 10 1000 5 -20 -10 10 20 30 40 Temperature (C) Figure 3.3 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

Fossil Fuel Combustion Photosynthesis 142.5 Pg C yr-1 Plant Respiration 85.5 Pg C yr-1 Atmosphere 751 Pg C Soil Respiration 52.1 Pg C yr-1 Natural Fires 3.4 Pg C yr-1 Fossil Fuel Combustion 5.9 Pg C yr-1 Volcanoes 0.1 Pg C yr-1 Ocean Uptake 91.9 Pg C yr-1 Ocean Release 90.6 Pg C yr-1 “Residual” Sink 1.8 Pg C yr-1 Plants 650 Pg C Soil 1500 Pg C Land Use 1.2 Pg C yr-1 Rivers 1.1 Pg C yr-1 Ocean 38 000 Pg C Deposition and Burial 0.5 Pg C yr-1 Figure 3.4 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

Carbon Dioxide Concentration (ppm) 390 380 370 360 350 Carbon Dioxide Concentration (ppm) 340 330 320 310 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 Figure 3.5 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan