What do your chromosomes look like? KARYOTYPING What do your chromosomes look like?

Karyotype Cell treated with chemical to stop in metaphase Chromosomes stained Picture taken Enlarged Cut out Matched by banding patterns Arranged by size and location of centromere

Click HERE to try your hand at matching up pairs of homologous chromosomes.

Normal Male

Normal Female

What can you tell from a Karyotype?

From a Karyotype You can tell Correct number of chromosomes Correct size and shape of chromosomes Possible sources of errors within banding patterns of the chromosomes (genes) Gender

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Female with Trisomy 21 Down Syndrome

http://www.bbc.co.uk/southyorkshire/myspace/dsa/index.shtml

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Male with Trisomy 21 Down Syndrome

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Deletion of Long Arm Chromosome 4

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Extra X – Klinefelter’s Syndrome

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Missing X – Turner’s Syndrome

SKY – Spectral Karyotypes Uses fluorescent “tags” specific to each chromosome

You can also determine the type of inheritance of a disease Dominant: at least one or both chromosomes in the pair are affected Recessive: both chromosomes in the pair are affected. Sex-linked: error occurs on the X chromosome Co-dominant: the patient with only 1 of the chromosomes affected will have partial symptoms.

Chromosome Nomenclature p q 11.3 11.2 11.1 12 21 22 23 11.32 11.31 11.22 11.21 11.23 12.1 12.3 12.2 21.1 21.2 21.31 21.32 21.33 22.1 22.2 22.3

Sources http://www.biology.arizona.edu/human_bio/activities/karyotyping/karyotyping.html http://www.biology.arizona.edu/Human_Bio/current/new_karyotyping/new_karyotyping.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Chromosomal_abnormalities