The Romanization of Britain: economy, religion and empire
Roman Britain: Key Dates/Events 55 BCECaesar invades 43 CEClaudius invades, annexes SE, Londinium founded 59-61Boudicca revolts, kills 80k 71-83Rome expands into Midlands, Scotland 87Expansion ends (Agricola), Stanegate frontier developed 122Hadrians visit, wall construction begins 125Forts constructed on wall 143Antonine wall built 163Antonine wall abandoned, retreat to Hadrians wall 211Septimius Severus dies in Eboracum (York) 410Rome abandons Britain 500Londinium uninhabited
Key questions for the Roman empire: on the basis of your study of Londinium, and your readings in Shotter and the literary sources … what impact did the Romanization of Britain have on the local economy and religious practices? what does empire look like in a province 900 miles (~ 2 weeks) from the center? what is daily life like for Romans and Britons in the Roman imperium?
Hadrians Wall Housesteads
Hadrians Wall: dry moat (vallum)
Housesteads Fort (Vercovicium or Borcovicium), along Hadrians Wall
Hadrians wall with mile castle Housesteads Fort
Hadrians Wall Chesters Fort
Model, Chesters Fort
Chesters Fort, Gateway
Commanders Headquarters
Barracks
Bath at Chesters Fort
Bathing Complex: Changing Room (apodyterium), Chesters Fort
Bathing Complex: hot bath (caldarium), Chesters Fort
Bathing Complex: drainage system, Chesters Fort
Hadrians Wall Vindolanda
Vindolanda Military community largely self- contained regarding food production & storage, manufacturing & repair Wide range of specialization – e.g., bathhouse, hospital, temple Close contact with locals as troops patrol & communicate
Vindolanda tablets: vindolanda.csad.ox.ac.uk vindolanda.csad.ox.ac.uk 700+ tablets detailing daily lives of Roman soldiers and their families > 200 individuals named – writers & recipients, with ranks, places of origin and kinship connections
Fishbourne Begun ca. 65/75, alterations until 3 rd c.
Fishbourne, So. England Monumental entrance, courtyards,, state rooms, reception area, gallery, private apartments, 50 mosaic floors, central heating, bathhouse, formal gardens Provincial governors palace, 500 ft. 2, > Buckingham Palace
Bath or Aquae Sulis
BathAquae Sulis
Bath / Aquae Sulis
Material Remains (British Museum)
London Mithraeum (from Walbrook)
Londinium
Key questions for the Roman empire: on the basis of your study of Londinium, and your readings in Shotter and the literary sources … what impact did the Romanization of Britain have on the local economy and religious practices? what does empire look like in a province 900 miles (~ 2 weeks) from the center? what is daily life like for Romans and Britons in the Roman imperium?