Absolute Value

1 block 1 block You walk directly east from your house one block. How far from your house are you? You walk directly west from your house one block. How far from your house are you? It didn't matter which direction you walked, you were still 1 block from your house. This is like absolute value. It is the distance from zero. It doesn't matter whether we are in the positive direction or the negative direction, we just care about how far away we are. 4 units away from 0 4 units away from 0 2 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 5 7 3 4 6 8

6 and -6 are both 6 units away from 0 What we are after here are values of x such that they are 6 away from 0. 2 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 5 7 3 4 6 8 6 and -6 are both 6 units away from 0 The "stuff" inside the absolute value signs could = 10 (the positive direction) or the "stuff" inside the absolute value signs could = 10 (the negative direction) Let's check it:

Everything inbetween these lines is less than 5 units away from 0 Let's look at absolute value with an inequality. This is asking, "For what numbers is the distance from 0 less than 5 units?" 2 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 5 7 3 4 6 8 Everything inbetween these lines is less than 5 units away from 0 Inequality notation Interval notation So if we have it is equivalent to This means x is greater than -a and x is less than a (or x is inbetween -a and a)

So x is inbetween or equal to - 4/3 and 2 Based on what we just observed, the "stuff" inside the absolute value signs is inbetween -5 and 5 or equal to either end since the inequality sign has "or equal to". To solve this we get x isolated in the middle. Whatever steps we do to get it alone, we do to each end. We keep in our minds the fact that if we multiply or divide by a negative, we must turn the signs the other way. +1 +1 +1 -4 6 3 3 3 So x is inbetween or equal to - 4/3 and 2 Let's graph the solution: 2 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 5 7 3 4 6 8

What if the inequality is greater than? This is asking, "When is our distance from 0 more than 5 units away?" 2 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 5 7 3 4 6 8 Everything outside these lines is more than 5 units away from 0 Everything outside these lines is more than 5 units away from 0 We'll have to express this with two difference pieces OR In interval notation: So if we have it is equivalent to

or We must first isolate the absolute value. +3 +3 6 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 This means if there are other things on the left hand side of the inequality that are outside of the absolute value signs, we must get rid of them first. 6 From what we saw previously, the "stuff" inside the absolute value is either less than or equal to -6 or greater than or equal to 6 Isolate x, remembering that if you multiply or divide by a negative you must turn the sign. We are dividing by a negative so turn the signs! - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 or 2 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 5 7 3 4 6 8

Acknowledgement I wish to thank Shawna Haider from Salt Lake Community College, Utah USA for her hard work in creating this PowerPoint. www.slcc.edu Shawna has kindly given permission for this resource to be downloaded from www.mathxtc.com and for it to be modified to suit the Western Australian Mathematics Curriculum. Stephen Corcoran Head of Mathematics St Stephen’s School – Carramar www.ststephens.wa.edu.au