Objectives Learn and apply the formula for the surface area of a prism. Learn and apply the formula for the surface area of a cylinder.

Prisms and cylinders have 2 congruent parallel bases. A lateral face is not a base. The edges of the base are called base edges. A lateral edge is not an edge of a base. The lateral faces of a right prism are all rectangles. An oblique prism has at least one nonrectangular lateral face.

An altitude of a prism or cylinder is a perpendicular segment joining the planes of the bases. The height of a three-dimensional figure is the length of an altitude. Surface area is the total area of all faces and curved surfaces of a three-dimensional figure. The lateral area of a prism is the sum of the areas of the lateral faces.

The surface area of a right rectangular prism with length ℓ, width w, and height h can be written as S = 2ℓw + 2wh + 2ℓh.

Example 1A: Finding Lateral Areas and Surface Areas of Prisms Find the lateral area and surface area of the right rectangular prism. Round to the nearest tenth, if necessary. L = Ph P = 2(9) + 2(7) = 32 ft = 32(14) = 448 ft2 S = Ph + 2B = 448 + 2(7)(9) = 574 ft2

Example 1B: Finding Lateral Areas and Surface Areas of Prisms Find the lateral area and surface area of a right regular triangular prism with height 20 cm and base edges of length 10 cm. Round to the nearest tenth, if necessary. L = Ph = 30(20) = 600 cm2 P = 3(10) = 30 cm S = Ph + 2B The base area is

Check It Out! Example 1 Find the lateral area and surface area of a cube with edge length 8 cm. L = Ph = 32(8) = 256 cm2 P = 4(8) = 32 cm S = Ph + 2B = 256 + 2(8)(8) = 384 cm2

The lateral surface of a cylinder is the curved surface that connects the two bases. The axis of a cylinder is the segment with endpoints at the centers of the bases. The axis of a right cylinder is perpendicular to its bases. The axis of an oblique cylinder is not perpendicular to its bases. The altitude of a right cylinder is the same length as the axis.

Example 2A: Finding Lateral Areas and Surface Areas of Right Cylinders Find the lateral area and surface area of the right cylinder. Give your answers in terms of . The radius is half the diameter, or 8 in. L = 2rh = 2(8)(10) = 160 in2 S = L + 2r2 = 160 + 2(8)2 = 288 in2

Check It Out! Example 2 Find the lateral area and surface area of a cylinder with a base area of 49 and a height that is 2 times the radius. Step 1 Use the circumference to find the radius. A = r2 Area of a circle 49 = r2 Substitute 49 for A. Divide both sides by  and take the square root. r = 7

Check It Out! Example 2 Continued Find the lateral area and surface area of a cylinder with a base area of 49 and a height that is 2 times the radius. Step 2 Use the radius to find the lateral area and surface area. The height is twice the radius, or 14 cm. L = 2rh = 2(7)(14)=196 in2 Lateral area S = L + 2r2 = 196 + 2(7)2 =294 in2 Surface area

Example 3: Finding Surface Areas of Composite Three-Dimensional Figures Find the surface area of the composite figure.

Example 3 Continued The surface area of the rectangular prism is . A right triangular prism is added to the rectangular prism. The surface area of the triangular prism is . Two copies of the rectangular prism base are removed. The area of the base is B = 2(4) = 8 cm2.

Example 3 Continued The surface area of the composite figure is the sum of the areas of all surfaces on the exterior of the figure. S = (rectangular prism surface area) + (triangular prism surface area) – 2(rectangular prism base area) S = 52 + 36 – 2(8) = 72 cm2

Example 4: Exploring Effects of Changing Dimensions The edge length of the cube is tripled. Describe the effect on the surface area.

Example 4 Continued original dimensions: edge length tripled: S = 6ℓ2 24 cm original dimensions: edge length tripled: S = 6ℓ2 S = 6ℓ2 = 6(8)2 = 384 cm2 = 6(24)2 = 3456 cm2 Notice than 3456 = 9(384). If the length, width, and height are tripled, the surface area is multiplied by 32, or 9.

Check It Out! Example 4 The height and diameter of the cylinder are multiplied by . Describe the effect on the surface area.

Check It Out! Example 4 Continued 11 cm 7 cm original dimensions: height and diameter halved: S = 2(112) + 2(11)(14) S = 2(5.52) + 2(5.5)(7) = 550 cm2 = 137.5 cm2 Notice than 550 = 4(137.5). If the dimensions are halved, the surface area is multiplied by