Adiabatic rotating frame relaxation of MRI reveals early cartilage degeneration in a rabbit model of anterior cruciate ligament transection J. Rautiainen,

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Adiabatic rotating frame relaxation of MRI reveals early cartilage degeneration in a rabbit model of anterior cruciate ligament transection J. Rautiainen, M.J. Nissi, T. Liimatainen, W. Herzog, R.K. Korhonen, M.T. Nieminen Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Volume 22, Issue 10, Pages 1444-1452 (October 2014) DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.04.023 Copyright © 2014 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 MRI slice locations on the lateral and medial femoral condyles of New Zealand White rabbit knees, view from the caudal surface of the condyles. Biomechanical indentation testing was performed at the apexes of the condyles (●). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2014 22, 1444-1452DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2014.04.023) Copyright © 2014 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Representative relaxation time maps of adiabatic T1ρ, adiabatic T2ρ, CW-T1ρ, RAFF, adiabatic DE-T2, CPMG-T2 and T1 saturation (T1sat) parameters in cartilage from the lateral femoral condyles of New Zealand White rabbits. Safranin-O-stained microscopic sections reveal early OA changes in ACL transected joints with small fissures and PG loss in the superficial part of the cartilage. This result can also be seen as elongated relaxation times in the blow-up features shown in the adiabatic T1ρ and the adiabatic T2ρ maps. Three-millimeter labels indicate scale in the relaxation time maps and Safranin-O sections. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2014 22, 1444-1452DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2014.04.023) Copyright © 2014 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Mean (a) optical density, reflective of PG content, and (b) collagen anisotropy profiles for cartilage of femoral condyles of ACL transected (ACLT) and CTRL joints of New Zealand White rabbits. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05, Kruskal–Wallis test) were observed in the superficial part (0–20% in lateral and 0–30% in medial side) of the cartilage with optical density, and 15–30% of the normalized cartilage depth of the lateral condyle with anisotropy. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2014 22, 1444-1452DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2014.04.023) Copyright © 2014 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions