Konstantinos T. Delis, MSc, MD, Veronica Ibegbuna, BSc, Andrew N

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Presentation transcript:

Prevalence and distribution of incompetent perforating veins in chronic venous insufficiency Konstantinos T. Delis, MSc, MD, Veronica Ibegbuna, BSc, Andrew N. Nicolaides, MS, FRCS, Augusto Lauro, MBBS, Hani Hafez, FRCS Journal of Vascular Surgery Volume 28, Issue 5, Pages 815-825 (November 1998) DOI: 10.1016/S0741-5214(98)70056-4 Copyright © 1998 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Prevalence of incompetent perforating veins (incompetent perforating veins/limbs) in 9 fields of thigh and 9 fields of calf. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1998 28, 815-825DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(98)70056-4) Copyright © 1998 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 A, Prevalence of incompetent perforating veins (incompetent perforating veins/limbs in each class) in relation to medial, posterior, and anterolateral aspects of lower limb across clinical spectrum of CVI. B, Prevalence of incompetent perforating veins (incompetent perforating veins/limbs in each class) in relation to upper, middle, and lower thirds of thigh and calf across clinical spectrum of CVI. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1998 28, 815-825DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(98)70056-4) Copyright © 1998 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 A, Prevalence of incompetent perforating veins (incompetent perforating veins/limbs in each class) in different CEAP classes of chronic venous insufficiency (r = .95, P < .01). B, Number of incompetent perforating veins per limb with documented perforating vein incompetence in different CEAP classes of chronic venous insufficiency (r = .9, P < .01). Journal of Vascular Surgery 1998 28, 815-825DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(98)70056-4) Copyright © 1998 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 A, Ratio of calf-to-thigh incompetent perforating veins in limbs with documented perforating vein incompetence in different clinical classes of chronic venous insufficiency. There is significant increase with class (CEAP; r = 0.87, P < .01). B, Ratio of superficial and deep over superficial alone ([S + D]/S) vein incompetence in limbs with documented incompetent perforating veins across clinical spectrum of chronic venous insufficiency (r = .9, P < .01). Journal of Vascular Surgery 1998 28, 815-825DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(98)70056-4) Copyright © 1998 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Prevalence of limbs with 1, 2, 3, 4, or more incompetent perforating veins in different clinical classes (CEAP). There are no limbs with 3 or more incompetent perforating veins in classes 0 to 1. Ratio of limbs with 3 or more incompetent perforating veins to limbs with 1 to 2 incompetent perforating veins increases significantly with clinical severity (r = .9, P < .01). Journal of Vascular Surgery 1998 28, 815-825DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(98)70056-4) Copyright © 1998 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 A, Prevalence of proximal (Prox), distal (Dist), or P + D (Prox + Dist) incompetence in different clinical, etiologic, anatomic, and pathologic classifications. Reflux in classes 2 to 6 involves both P and D segments. B, Overall prevalence of superficial, deep, or perforating vein incompetence across clinical spectrum of chronic venous insufficiency. Prevalence of perforating vein (r = .86, P < .01) and deep vein incompetence (r = .9, P < .01) increase with clinical severity. Prevalence of superficial vein incompetence changes little with clinical class (clinical, etiologic, anatomic, and pathologic classifications, 2 to 6). Journal of Vascular Surgery 1998 28, 815-825DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(98)70056-4) Copyright © 1998 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 7 Prevalence of complex patterns of vein incompetence (superior + proximal [S + PV], superior + deep [S + D], D + PV, S + D + PV) in different clinical classes (CEAP) of chronic venous insufficiency. Incompetence involving all systems (S + D + PV) increases significantly with clinical severity (r = .9, P < .01). Journal of Vascular Surgery 1998 28, 815-825DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(98)70056-4) Copyright © 1998 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions