Projectile Motion.

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Presentation transcript:

Projectile Motion

Projectile Motion Describes the motion of an object in TWO dimensions We’ll keep it simple by considering motion close to the surface of the earth (for the time being) Neglect air resistance to make it simpler Ties together all physics concepts learned this semester

Projectile Vocabulary Range: the horizontal displacement of a projectile Trajectory: The path the projectile follows while in the air Flight Time (or Hang Time): The total amount of time the projectile is in the air. Maximum Height: The vertical displacement a projectile has reached when its vertical velocity is zero.

Horizontal vs. Vertical Components The ball is in free fall vertically and moves at constant speed horizontally!!!

Distance fallen from the straight line is 𝒅= 𝟏 𝟐 𝒈 𝒕 𝟐

Velocity Components Projectile motion can only be analyzed by breaking the initial velocity into its horizontal and vertical components: Just like with horizontal launches, the horizontal velocity will remain constant, while the vertical motion will be affected by gravity v θ

Resultant Velocity 𝒗 𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 = 𝒗 𝒉 𝟐 + 𝒗 𝒗 𝟐

Problem Solving Technique: Just like with horizontally launched projectiles, you must separate all variables into the appropriate direction: * IF returning to same vertical level Horizontal (x-direction) Vertical (y-direction)

Horizontal Equations Constant velocity due to inertia and air drag is assumed negligible Horizontal Velocity Horizontal Displacement (Range)

Vertical Equations Behaves like an object in free fall

Range Equation The kinematic equations for the vertical and the horizontal directions can be combined mathematically in order to solve for the horizontal range WITHOUT KNOWING THE TIME IN THE AIR! R = range (m) Vi = overall launch velocity (the total vector quantity) (m/s) g = 9.80 m/s2  IMPORTANT: this is NOT negative!

What Influences an Objects’ Range? Launch Angle Near vertical launch angle results in greater height Near horizontal decreases the time to fall Vertical Velocity Horizontal Velocity Vertical position

Projectile Motion The trick to maximum range is just to keep the object off the ground for as long as possible. This allows the horizontal motion to be a maximum since dh=vh∙t Make range longer by going higher for your starting point Make range longer by having more velocity