Echinoderms Review

Animalia Echinodermata Asteroidea invertebrates Starfish belong in the KINGDOM _______________ PHYLUM _______________ CLASS ___________________ Animalia Echinodermata Asteroidea invertebrates Echinoderms are _________________ vertebrates invertebrates

_____________ are organisms radial Adult echinoderms have ______________ symmetry. no bilateral radial Deuterostomes _____________ are organisms whose anus develops from the blastopore area in the embryo.

Since a starfish has NO INTESTINE, the nutrients are absorbed by the _______________ digestive glands

Echinoderms have an endoskeleton made of calcium carbonate plates called _______________. ossicles

In Latin the name “echinoderm” means __________________ Spiny skin Name one of the 3 characteristics your book lists that are found only in echinoderms. Endoskeleton made of OSSICLES Water vascular system Tube feet

The mouth of a starfish is located on the _____________ surface. oral Sea stars (starfish) belong to the Class _________________ Asteroidea The mouth of a starfish is located on the _____________ surface. oral

All of these organisms belong to the phylum _______________ Echinodermata (Echinoderms)

Water enters the water vascular system through small pores in the __________________. madreporite

The small movable suction cupped extensions of the water vascular open Starfish have _____________circulation. The small movable suction cupped extensions of the water vascular system which aid in locomotion and feeding are called _____________. tube feet

What is the function of the ampullae? Squeeze to control water entering and leaving the tube feet The seastar can turn its ___________ stomach inside out through its mouth when it eats. cardiac

Nutrients are absorbed in the ________________in a starfish. The stone canal, ring canal, and radial canal are all parts of the ________________ system. water vascular Nutrients are absorbed in the ________________in a starfish. digestive glands

Tell a function of the tube feet. Locomotion Hold onto & pry open clam shells Gas exchange/remove nitrogen waste

Most starfish are _______________. The network of water filled canals connected to the tube feet is called the _________________ system. Water vascular carnivores Most starfish are _______________. Carnivores herbivores omnivores

This organ absorbs nutrients in an earthworm and a clam but is missing in starfish intestine

The spines on the surface connect into the ____________ inside. Ossicles of the endoskeleton

Symmetry seen in echinoderm larvae Type of reproduction seen in starfish Asexual Sexual They can do both! Symmetry seen in echinoderm larvae bilateral

Fertilization in echinoderms is _______________ T or F Most echinoderms are hermaphrodites. False, they have separate sexes. Fertilization in echinoderms is _______________ External internal external

skin gills and skin on their tube feet Seastars “breathe” by exchanging gases through their _____________________________. skin gills and skin on their tube feet Echinoderms are missing all of these organs except ____________. Circulatory excretory respiratory digestive digestive

The ability of starfish to regrow lost arms is called ________________. regeneration

The surface of a starfish opposite from the mouth is the _____________ aboral

cardiac The ___________________ stomach is extruded out of the mouth during feeding

Starfish have _____________ at the ends of each arm that can sense What is the function of the pedicillariae? Keep surface of starfish free of algae and small organisms that might damage or block it Starfish have _____________ at the ends of each arm that can sense light and dark eyespots

The anus and madreporite are on the ____________ surface of a starfish. aboral

Special kind of radial symmetry seen is 5 armed starfish pentaradial

All echinoderms are MARINE. That means they ____________. have military-like camouflage live in the ocean march in lines like soldiers stay in one place live in oceans

Tell the body system each part belongs to: Madreporite _____________________ Nerve ring _____________________ Ring canal ______________________ Ossicles ______________________ Gonads ______________________ Skin gills ______________________ Cardiac stomach ___________________ Water vascular nervous Water vascular Skeletal Reproductive Respiratory/excretory Digestive

Type of symmetry seen in this echinoderm radial

When you cut into the starfish, the Tube feet are found along the __________________ groove. ambulacral When you cut into the starfish, the space you see around the internal organs is the ______________ Mantle pseudocoelom coelom pericardial cavity cavity coelom

The ventral surface is also called the _______ surface. oral TRUE or FALSE Starfish are hermaphrodites False. They have separate sexes

The blue structures are _____________ for _____________________. This diagram represents the 3 structures you learned about on the surface of a starfish. The blue structures are _____________ for _____________________. The red structures are ____________ for ____________________ The green structure is a _____________ for _________________________ spines protection Skin gills Exchanging gases/removing nitrogen waste pedicellaria keeping the surface free of organisms

A B E C F D MADREPORITE A = _________________ E = ___________________ B = _________________ F = ___________________ C = _________________ D = _________________ AMPULLAE STONE CANAL TUBE FEET RING CANAL RADIAL CANAL

What do the typhlosole in an earthworm, the ridges on the gills in a clam, and the skin gills of a starfish have in common? All are structures used to INCREASE SURFACE AREA Asteroidea comes from the Latin word meaning _______________ star

The only invertebrates that are NOT PROTOSTOMES are the _________________________ echinoderms What is the plural of pedicellaria? pedicellariae

All echinoderms are MARINE. This means they _______________ Live in salt water (oceans) How is reproduction in a starfish different from that of an earthworm? Earthworms= hermaphrodites Starfish= separate sexes; can use regeneration for asexual reproduction

Explain how diffusion is important to starfish Diffusion of gas molecules from high concentration to low concentration is what causes gas exchange for breathing Which of the following is an echinoderm larva? A B B: Echinoderms have a: BIPINNARIA larva with wings

Tell one way the starfish are similar to clams. Both have: NO CEPHALIZATION Open circulation (NO blood vessels) eucoelomates invertebrates separate sexes sexual reproduction with external fertilization (marine clams) indirect development (start as larva) have digestive gland that makes bile and absorbs nutrients have stomach attached to digestive gland

Tell one way the starfish are DIFFERENT FROM clams. Clams: Starfish: Protostomes Deuterostomes Have an intestine No intestine Heart pumps hemolymph No heart Gills exchange gases Gases exchanged thru skin gills Kidney to remove nitrogen no excretory organs/ nitrogen waste out thru skin gills ------- water vascular system Shell for protection endoskeleton/spines for protection Filter feeders carnivores some have internal fertilization external fertilization (freshwater clams) Sexual reproduction only Can do sexual/asexual reprod.

Tell one way the starfish are similar to earthworms. Both have: true coelomates invertebrates sexual reproduction external fertilization

Tell one way the starfish are DIFFERENT FROM earthworms. Earthworms: Starfish: Protostomes Deuterostomes Intestine to absorb nutrients digestive glands absorb nutrients Heart (aortic arches) pumps blood No heart Nephridia to remove nitrogen no excretory organs/ nitrogen waste out thru skin gills ------- water vascular system Hydrostatic skeleton endoskeleton/spines for protection Closed circulation Open circulation Direct development Indirect development Cerebral ganglia/nerve cord Nerve ring, radial nerves, ganglia

Radial nerve & radial canal Why are echinoderms thought to have evolved from a bilaterally symmetrical ancestor? They have a bilaterally symmetrical larva Which 2 structures you learned about are contained within the ambulacral ridge? Radial nerve & radial canal

Name another echinoderm besides a starfish. Sea lily, feather star, brittle star, sea urchin, Basket star, sand dollar, sea cucumber indirect They start out as a larva that looks different from the adult. Starfish have __________development. direct indirect

TRUE They have separate sexes and can use regeneration. Name one of the structures found on the surface of a starfish and tell its function. Spines- protection Pedicellaria-pinchers that keep surface clear of organisms Skin gills- exchange gases/remove nitrogen waste True OR False Sea stars can reproduce both sexually and asexually. TRUE They have separate sexes and can use regeneration.

A sea star’s nervous system does NOT include ______________ Nerve ring nerve net radial nerves cerebral ganglia a brain Explain how a mollusk trochophore larva is different from an echinoderm bipinnaria larva. Trochophore larvae are egg shaped with a ring of cilia to help them swim; Bipinnaria have wings