Notes Pt. 1: Membranes regulate the traffic of molecules

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Presentation transcript:

Notes Pt. 1: Membranes regulate the traffic of molecules Cells Notes Pt. 1: Membranes regulate the traffic of molecules

Cell Membranes CELL MEMBRANES HELP ORGANISMS MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS BY CONTROLLING WHAT SUBSTANCES MAY ENTER OR LEAVE THE CELLS. What is Homeostasis?

Cell Membranes Water Nutrients Carbon Dioxide/Oxygen (Dissolved Gas) SOME SUBSTANCES SUCH AS: Water Nutrients Carbon Dioxide/Oxygen (Dissolved Gas) Ions Waste CAN CROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE WITHOUT ANY INPUT OF ENERGY BY THE CELL.

Passive Transport Diffusion across a membrane is called: PASSIVE TRANSPORT because no energy is expended by the cell in the process. The cell membrane is: SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE. This means that some substances cross the membrane more easily than others and could totally block other substances

Three Types of Passive Transport Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion Osmosis

Both diffusion and facilitated diffusion are forms of passive transport. NEITHER process requires the cell to use energy. Facilitated diffusion, particles pass through a transport protein

Osmosis Passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane. There are three types of solutions (mixtures) that can occur with osmosis Hypertonic Hypotonic Isotonic

A fishy story… Hypertonic: Freshwater Fish in Saltwater Hypotonic: Saltwater Fish in Freshwater Isotonic: Saltwater Fish in Saltwater/Freshwater Fish in Freshwater Drawing: What Happens: The amount of water flowing in and out of fish is equal Fish is in equilibrium – happy fish Water flows out of fish from a high to low concentration Fish will shrivel up Water flows into fish from a high to low concentration Fish will swell

Concentration Gradient THE DIFFERENCE IN THE CONCENTRATION OF MOLECULES ACROSS A SPACE IS CALLED A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT. Passive Transport would be materials moving DOWN their concentration gradient from an area of HIGH concentration to an area of LOW concentration

Active Transport In many cases, cells must move materials up their concentration gradient from an area of LOWER CONCENTRATION to an area of HIGHER CONCENTRATION. This is known as: ACTIVE TRANSPORT.

Active Transport UNLIKE PASSIVE TRANSPORT, ACTIVE TRANSPORT REQUIRES A CELL TO EXPEND OR USE ENERGY. THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF ACTIVE TRANSPORT: CELL MEMBRANE PUMPS ENDOCYTOSIS EXOCYTOSIS

Active Transport Using Cell Membrane Pump

THE ACTIVE TRANSPORT PROCESS OF ENDOCYTOSIS THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF ENDOCYTOSIS: PINOCYTOSIS-THE TRANSPORT OF SOLUTES OR FLUIDS. PHAGOCYTOSIS-THE TRANSPORT OF LARGE PARTICLES, WHOLE CELLS, OR SOLIDS.

Endocytosis DURING ENDOCYTOSIS, THE CELL MEMBRANE FOLDS IN AND FORMS A SMALL POUCH. THE POUCH THEN PINCHES OFF FROM THE CELL MEMBRANE TO BECOME A VESICLE.

Active Transport - Endocytosis

THE ACTIVE TRANSPORT PROCESS OF EXOCYTOSIS. DURING EXOCYTOSIS, A VESICLE MOVES TO THE CELL MEMBRANE, FUSES WITH IT, AND THEN RELEASES IT’S CONTENTS TO THE OUTSIDE OF THE CELL.

Active Transport - Exocytosis