Mere položaja z vrednost (ili statndardna vrednost)

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Mere položaja z vrednost (ili statndardna vrednost) koliko se statndardnih devijacija dati rezultat razlikuje od srednje vrednosti page 85 of text

Mere položaja z vrednost Uzorak x - x z = s

z vrednost Mere položaja Uzorak Populacija x - µ x - x z = z =  s Z-scores will be used extensively in future chapters, but is appropriate for discussion here as they involve the concepts of mean, standard deviation, and descriptive statistics (in this case, measures of position).

Tumačenje Z vrednosti Z FIGURE 2-16 Neuobičajene Uobičajene - 3 This concept of ‘unusual’ values will be revisited several times during the course, especially in Chapter 7 - Hypothesis Testing. page 86 of text - 2 - 1 1 2 3 Z

Kvartili, Decili, Percentili Mere položaja Kvartili, Decili, Percentili

Kvartili Q1, Q2, Q3

dele skup uređen prema rastućem redosledu na četiri jednaka dela Kvartili Q1, Q2, Q3 dele skup uređen prema rastućem redosledu na četiri jednaka dela

Kvartili Q1, Q2, Q3 25% 25% 25% 25% Q1 Q2 Q3 Emphasize that Q1 separates the data into 25% below the Q1 value and 75% above the Q1 value. Whereas Q3 would separate the data into 75% below the Q3 value and 25% above the Q3 value.

Kvartili Q1 Q2 Q3 Kada se podaci poređaju po rastućem nizu Kvartili taj niz dele na četiri (prema broju članova) jednakih delova 25% 25% 25% 25% These 5 numbers will be used in this text’s method for depicting boxplots. Q1 Q2 Q3 (minimum) (maksimum) (medijana)

Decili D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9 Kada se podaci poređaju po rastućem nizu Kvartili taj niz dele na deset (prema broju članova) jednakih delova 10% D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9

Percentili 99 Percentila

Kvartili, Decili, Percentiles Fraktili

Kvartili, Decili, Percentili Fraktili (Quantiles) Deli skup podatak poređanih po rastućem nizu na jednak broj delova

“Pronalaženje” percentila

“Pronalaženje” percentila Broj podataka manjih od x Percentil podatka x = • 100 Ukupan broj podatataka Formula to find what percentile a particular data value is. Data must be in ascending order. page 87 of text

Kada je poznat percentil Pronalaženja podatka Kada je poznat percentil

Kada je poznat percentil Pronalaženja podatka Kada je poznat percentil n Ukupan broj podataka k dati percentil L Položaj na kome se nalazi tražena vrednost Pk Vrednost k-tog percentil L = • n k 100 To find the score that is a specific percentile, first determine the ‘L’ value. Then follow the flow chart on the next slide.

Pronalaženje broja koji je k-ti precentil Start Sort the data. (Arrange the data in order of lowest to highest.) Pronalaženje broja koji je k-ti precentil Izračunaj L = n gde je n = broj vrednosti k = percentil koji je dat ) ( k 100 Vrednost kth percentila je na sredini, između Lte vrednosti I sledećeg podatka u rastućem nizu podataka Da li je L ceo broj ? Da There are several methods for finding quartiles. This method may produce an answer slightly different from that of technologies such as STATDISK, Minitab, Excel, and the TI-83 Plus. page 88 of text Ne Zaokruži L na prvi sledeći ceo broj. Figure 2-17 Vrednost Pk je Lta vrednost polazeći od najmanje vrednosti

Kvartili Q1 = P25 Q2 = P50 Q3 = P75 Important to emphasize that Q1 is the same as P25, Q2 is the same as P50, etc.

Decili Kvartili Q1 = P25 D1 = P10 Q2 = P50 D2 = P20 D3 = P30 Q3 = P75 • D9 = P90 Consequently, to find a particular quartile or decile, determine the corresponding percentile and proceed using the percentile procedure. in margin of page 89 of text

Međukvartilni Opseg (or MKO): Q3 - Q1 page 90 of text

Međukvartilni opseg (or MKO): Q3 - Q1 “Polukvartilni” opseg Range: 2

Q3 - Q1 Q1 + Q3 Međukvartilni o Range (or IQR): Q3 - Q1 Međukvartilni opseg: Srednji kvartil: 10 - 90 Opseg između 10 i 90 tog percentila: P90 - P10 Q3 - Q1 2 Q1 + Q3 2